SGER: Talking with You: Exploring Interpersonal Information-Seeking

SGER：与您交谈：探索人际信息寻求

• 批准号: 0414447
• 负责人: Karen Fisher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-15 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0414447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Talking; Exploring; Interpersonal; Information

This research aims to explore why people turn to other people for information with the purpose of guiding future study while informing professional practice and, in the long run, system design. The study focuses on everyday situations in which information is needed, ranging from finding new jobs and lower mortgages, to healthcare, housing, childcare, social activities, and other aspects of daily life. It aims to expand empirical and theoretical knowledge of interpersonal information seeking with a long-term focus on devising ways for improving information services; involving students and underrepresented groups in varied capacities; collaborating with cognate business, community and academic organizations; communicating the results to national and international audiences; and facilitating a community of interest and practice around enhancing information behavior as it occurs in everyday contexts. The study will be conducted using a naturalistic approach that will yield rich insights into two groups of people (stay-at-home mothers and preteens) to discern key aspects of their everyday information behavior, particularly regarding interpersonal information seeking over different synchronous and asynchronous media (e.g., face-to-face, telephone, email, chat rooms, newsgroups, etc). Using a grounded theory approach along with Chatman's theory of normative behavior and Friedman's value sensitive design, data will be collected using multiple methods, including different forms of observation, interviews, participant diary keeping, and focus groups with approximately 15-20 participants for each population. Data may be collected in-person and/or online depending on the nature of each group and which methods appear most viable. During field observation, participants' interactions with other people will be watched for incidents of information sharing while contextual background evidence also will be gathered. During interviews participants will be asked such questions as with whom they discuss particular situations (finding a job, illness, childcare needs, relationships, home maintenance, etc.,) and why, how they can tell if someone needs information, how they personally manage everyday information, etc. Potential participants will be located at "information grounds"-places where they gather naturally for an activity but subsequently engage in information sharing. Data collection and analysis will occur iteratively and combined with the generation of theoretical propositions. The study results will be used to derive the initial framework for a theoretical model of interpersonal information seeking that will be highly relevant to scholars and professionals working in any field related to the design and delivery of information systems and services. These fields range from information science and computer science to business, engineering, medicine and healthcare, social work and education. To-date virtually no framework exists from a user and information perspective that can explain why people turn to other people for information and that can be used for supporting human behavior. The framework's richness will stem from the study's naturalistic and grounded theory approach together with its focus on a broad range of participants as they engage in daily life.Broader Impacts: Undergraduate and graduate students will participate in formal and informal capacities throughout all stages of the project, as will partners at different organizations such as the United Way and Microsoft Research. Concrete suggestions for improving professional practice will be drafted by working with different stakeholders in the nonprofit and profit sectors, and disseminated broadly.

本研究旨在探讨人们向他人寻求信息的原因，旨在指导未来的学习，同时为专业实践提供信息，并从长远来看，系统设计。 这项研究的重点是需要信息的日常情况，从寻找新工作和降低抵押贷款，到医疗保健，住房，儿童保育，社会活动和日常生活的其他方面。 其目的是扩大人际信息寻求的经验和理论知识，长期侧重于设计改善信息服务的方法;让学生和代表性不足的群体以不同的身份参与;与同类企业、社区和学术组织合作;向国家和国际受众传达结果;以及促进围绕增强日常环境中发生的信息行为的兴趣和实践的社区。 该研究将使用自然主义方法进行，该方法将对两组人（全职母亲和青少年）产生丰富的见解，以辨别他们日常信息行为的关键方面，特别是关于通过不同的同步和异步媒体寻求人际信息（例如，面对面、电话、电子邮件、聊天室、新闻组等）。 使用扎根理论方法沿着Chatman的规范行为理论和Friedman的价值敏感设计，将使用多种方法收集数据，包括不同形式的观察、访谈、参与者日记和焦点小组，每个人群约有15-20名参与者。 根据每个群体的性质以及哪些方法似乎最可行，可以亲自和/或在线收集数据。 在实地观察期间，将观察参与者与其他人的互动，以寻找信息共享事件，同时还将收集背景证据。 在面试过程中，参与者将被问到他们与谁讨论特定情况（找工作，疾病，育儿需求，关系，家庭维护等）等问题。以及为什么，他们如何判断某人是否需要信息，他们个人如何管理日常信息等。潜在的参与者将位于“信息场”-他们自然聚集在一起进行活动但随后参与信息共享的地方。 数据收集和分析将反复进行，并与理论命题的生成相结合。 研究结果将被用来推导人际信息寻求的理论模型的初始框架，这将是高度相关的学者和专业人士在任何领域的工作相关的信息系统和服务的设计和交付。 这些领域从信息科学和计算机科学到商业，工程，医学和医疗保健，社会工作和教育。 到目前为止，几乎没有一个框架从用户和信息的角度来解释为什么人们转向其他人获取信息，并可用于支持人类行为。 该框架的丰富性将源于研究的自然主义和扎根理论方法，以及其对参与者日常生活的广泛关注。更广泛的影响：本科生和研究生将在项目的所有阶段以正式和非正式的身份参与，不同组织的合作伙伴也将参与，如联合之路和微软研究院。 将通过与非营利和营利部门的不同利益相关者合作，起草改善专业实践的具体建议，并广泛传播。