Long-Term Investigation of Evolution in a Community Context

社区背景下进化的长期研究

• 批准号: 0416326
• 负责人: Sharon Strauss
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0416326&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; Term; Investigation; Evolution; Community

Understanding the diverse and simultaneous pressures experienced by species within a community may provide insights not readily gathered from the study of pair-wise interactions between species. All species are part of multi-species communities and the traits they express are shaped by selective pressures generated by the web of direct and indirect interactions among community members, along with the effects of abiotic factors. Selective pressures from multiple sources are often termed 'diffuse.' In the proposed work, several criteria that have been proposed to identify diffuse selection exerted by whole communities will be explored. These criteria are summarized briefly here as: the genetic correlation between traits acted on by multiple community members, the effects of one species that alter the likelihood or intensity of interactions with other community members, and the presence of non-additive effects on the relationship between trait values and fitness; this non-additivity should be caused by the combination of selective effects imposed by multiple species. Experimental field manipulations of putative selective agents are combined with observational demographic data and with greenhouse crossing experiments in this long-term study of the diverse agents acting on flower color in the wild radish Raphanus sativus. This study is one of only a handful that examines experimentally the response to selection over long time periods and from multiple interactors in the field. As such it provides rare insights into trait evolution and conflicting selection in field settings. This proposal will train undergraduates and a graduate student. In the prior grant, students and professionals at all stages - undergrad, graduate student and post-doc were mentored and were authors on the published work. Many of these (6/9) were women, and all of the women have continued in science or science education. Overall, the lab has had a strong record of mentoring a range of under-represented groups in science, as summarized in the proposal.

了解群落内物种所经历的多样性和同步压力，可能会提供从物种之间成对相互作用的研究中不易获得的见解。所有物种都是多物种群落的一部分，它们所表达的特征是由群落成员之间直接和间接相互作用所产生的选择压力以及非生物因素的影响所形成的。来自多个来源的选择性压力通常被称为“弥漫性”压力。在提议的工作中，将探讨几个已经提出的标准，以确定整个社区施加的扩散选择。这些标准可以概括为：多个群落成员作用的性状之间的遗传相关性，一个物种改变与其他群落成员相互作用的可能性或强度的影响，性状值与适合度之间的关系存在非加性效应；这种非加性应该是由多个物种施加的选择效应的组合引起的。在对不同药剂作用于野生萝卜花色的长期研究中，将假定的选择性药剂的实验田间操作与观察人口统计学数据和温室杂交试验相结合。本研究是为数不多的几个实验研究之一，该研究在很长一段时间内从该领域的多个相互作用者中检验对选择的反应。因此，它为性状进化和野外环境中的冲突选择提供了难得的见解。这项提案将培养本科生和一名研究生。在之前的资助中，所有阶段的学生和专业人员——本科生、研究生和博士后——都得到了指导，并且是发表作品的作者。其中许多（6/9）是女性，所有的女性都继续从事科学或科学教育。总的来说，正如提案中总结的那样，该实验室在指导一系列科学界代表性不足的群体方面有着良好的记录。