ACQUISITION OF A NEW X-RAY MICRODIFFRACTION SYSTEM

获得新的 X 射线微衍射系统

• 批准号: 0418088
• 负责人: George Harlow
• 金额: $ 23.1万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0418088&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ACQUISITION; NEW; RAY; MICRODIFFRACTION; SYSTEM

0418088HarlowX-ray diffraction is one of the fundamental analytical techniques for identifying and characterizing crystalline phases and is critical to research on crystalline solids. However, with increasing frequency the samples that need analysis with diffraction are small. Camera techniques, which have been a mainstay, are time consuming, require significant conversion to obtain digital data, and are becoming obsolete. Moreover, they and other traditional methods cannot perform in situ powder diffraction from microscopic areas on surfaces of diverse objects. Recently, the development of laboratory diffraction instruments combining a finely collimated point X-ray beam, sample holders with automated motion, and large two dimensional detectors permit solving the sample, film and time problems. This project involves acquiring such a new microdiffraction system for use by scientists and conservators at the American Museum of Natural History, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University and the Metropolitan Museum of Art and other potential users in the region. Numerous projects by more than ten investigators are planned initially for the new microdiffraction instrument, ranging from fundamental mineralogical and materials research to detailed conservation studies of artifacts and art from the collaborating museums. Routinely the microdiffraction system will be used to identify samples from the mineral, rock and meteorite collections to improve their characterization and value to the scientific community and general public. The broader impacts of this study include the interaction and collaboration of researchers at a major university and two research museums, involvement and training of students, interns and visiting scholars, enhanced understanding of objects of all kinds including specimens, artifacts, and art objects in two world-class museums, and advancement of conservation science and techniques for the preservation of art and natural history objects for posterity.***

0418088哈洛X射线衍射是鉴定和表征晶相的基本分析技术之一，对研究结晶固体至关重要。 然而，随着频率的增加，需要衍射分析的样品变小了。 一直是主流技术的照相机技术是耗时的，需要大量转换以获得数字数据，并且正在变得过时。 此外，它们和其他传统方法不能从不同物体表面的微观区域进行原位粉末衍射。 最近，实验室衍射仪器的发展结合了精细准直的点X射线束、具有自动运动的样品架和大型二维检测器，允许解决样品、胶片和时间问题。 该项目涉及购置这种新的微衍射系统，供美国自然历史博物馆、拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站/哥伦比亚大学和大都会艺术博物馆的科学家和保护人员以及该区域其他潜在用户使用。 最初计划由十多名研究人员为新的微衍射仪器进行许多项目，从基础矿物学和材料研究到合作博物馆的文物和艺术品的详细保护研究。 此外，微衍射系统将用于鉴定矿物、岩石和陨石收藏品中的样品，以改善其特性和对科学界和公众的价值。 这项研究的更广泛的影响包括一所主要大学和两个研究博物馆的研究人员的互动和合作，学生，实习生和访问学者的参与和培训，加强对各种对象的理解，包括标本，文物和艺术品在两个世界级的博物馆，促进保护科学和技术的发展，为子孙后代保护艺术和自然历史文物。