MRI: Acquisition of an X-ray Diffraction Instrument: Developing an Interdisciplinary Research/Teaching X-ray Diffraction Laboratory

MRI：购置 X 射线衍射仪器：建立跨学科研究/教学 X 射线衍射实验室

• 批准号: 0421272
• 负责人: Keith Putirka
• 金额: $ 14.84万
• 依托单位: California State University-Fresno Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0421272&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; ray; Diffraction; Instrument

0421272PutirkaThe California State University, Fresno is one of the largest universities in the CSU system, and the only prominent university in California's Central Valley. As such, we carry a responsibility to the community to train scientists and address regional environmental problems. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument that will be acquired with this Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant will support a number of scientific problems that involve the identification of fine-grained materials, including, but not limited to, the following: 1) Regional geology and volcanic history of the north-central Sierra Nevada. Mapping and preliminary XRD studies suggest that matrix mineral abundances in volcanic rocks can be key to the correlation of volcanic units and the identification of distance from now-eroded vents. 2) Asbestiform minerals in the Sierra foothills and coastal CA. Ultramafic rocks are common throughout CA, and asbestiform minerals of the amphibole group form hazardous dusts during excavation and commercial development. XRD will be used for hazards assessment where construction of such areas is ongoing. 3) Igneous barometery and the refinement of unit cell parameters of clinopyroxenes. Rietveld analysis of natural clinopyroxenes will be used to better understand how Na is charge-balanced in natural clinopyroxenes, and in this way refine our attempts at estimate crystallization pressures for igneous rocks. 4) The study of soil mechanics, groundwater flow and soil contamination through the analysis mineral content. Abundances of clay minerals and gypsum are suspected to affect the hydrology of agricultural soils, and may also affect the absorption of contaminants in soils; XRD analysis of agricultural samples will be key to understanding water and contaminant transport. 5) The analysis of dust particles produced from dairy operations. Dust particles (sometimes referred to by their micron size as PM-5 or PM-10) are now recognized as a significant health hazard in CA. Dairies are suspected to be significant producers of dust particles, but their quantity and mineral content is unclear. XRD analysis of dusts collected at dairies will allow a determination of what kinds of dust particles are created, and the fraction of the total dust contributed by such operations. Finally, our powder XRD will provide valuable research experiences for CSU Fresno and CSU Stanislaus undergraduates. Students are attracted to the sciences when they participate in research, and when such work involves the use of technical instruments. Basic XRD techniques are very easy to learn, and allow both undergraduates and M.S. students to participate in any number of problems of great concern to central valley residents. XRD activities will be incorporated into several existing courses at CSUF, including a new course: "X-ray methods in the Material Sciences". The broader impacts of this instrument acquisition are also considerable. The XRD will establish several exciting research linkages between at least three different departments at CSU Fresno, and between the Earth and Environmental Science department at CSU Fresno and the "Physics and Geology" department at CSU Stanislaus. Acquisition of the requested XRD instrument is critical to furthering our research capabilities and realizing our student recruitment goals.***

加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校是CSU系统中最大的大学之一，也是加州中央谷唯一一所著名的大学。因此，我们对社区负有责任，培训科学家并解决区域环境问题。粉末X射线衍射（XRD）仪器，将获得与此重大研究仪器（MRI）赠款将支持一些科学问题，涉及细颗粒材料的识别，包括但不限于以下内容：1）区域地质和火山历史的中北部的塞拉内华达州。绘图和初步XRD研究表明，火山岩中的基质矿物丰度可能是火山单元相互关系和确定与现已侵蚀的喷口距离的关键。2)在塞拉利昂山麓和加利福尼亚沿海的石棉状矿物。超镁铁质岩石在整个加州很常见，角闪石类的石棉状矿物在挖掘和商业开发过程中形成危险的粉尘。XRD将用于正在进行此类区域建设的危害评估。3)火成岩气压测量与单斜辉石晶胞参数的精化。Rietveld分析天然单斜辉石将被用来更好地了解钠是如何在天然单斜辉石的电荷平衡，并以这种方式完善我们的尝试，估计火成岩的结晶压力。4)通过分析矿物质含量，研究土壤力学、地下水流和土壤污染。粘土矿物和石膏的丰度被怀疑会影响农业土壤的水文，也可能影响土壤中污染物的吸收;农业样品的XRD分析将是了解水和污染物迁移的关键。5)乳制品生产过程中产生的粉尘颗粒分析。灰尘颗粒（有时以微米级的尺寸称为PM-5或PM-10）现在被认为是CA的重大健康危害。奶牛场被怀疑是粉尘颗粒的重要生产者，但其数量和矿物质含量尚不清楚。通过对乳制品厂收集的粉尘进行XRD分析，可以确定产生的粉尘颗粒种类，以及这些操作产生的粉尘占总粉尘的比例。最后，我们的粉末XRD将为CSU Fresno和CSU Stanislaus本科生提供宝贵的研究经验。当学生参与研究时，以及当这种工作涉及使用技术仪器时，他们会被科学所吸引。基本的XRD技术非常容易学习，本科生和硕士都可以使用。学生参与的任何问题都是中央谷居民非常关心的。XRD活动将被纳入CSUF现有的几门课程，包括一门新课程：“材料科学中的X射线方法”。收购这一工具的更广泛影响也相当大。XRD将在CSU弗雷斯诺的至少三个不同部门之间建立几个令人兴奋的研究联系，并在CSU弗雷斯诺的地球与环境科学部门和CSU Stanislaus的“物理与地质”部门之间建立联系。购买所需的XRD仪器对于进一步提高我们的研究能力和实现我们的招生目标至关重要。*