NEESR-SG: Seismic Behavior, Analysis and Design of Complex Wall Systems

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SEISMIC BEHAVIOR, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMPLEX WALL SYSTEMS:PROJECT SUMMARYReinforced concrete structural walls are used commonly as the primary lateral-load resisting system fornew and retrofit construction. However, despite the heavy reliance on wall systems by practicingengineers, recent efforts to develop performance-based design methods have not yet begun to addressstructural walls. Today, engineers have few resources to consult regarding the simulation of wall responseusing practical linear and nonlinear numerical models or the prediction of wall damage (e.g., concretecrack width and concrete spalling) as a function of engineering demands (e.g., inter-story drift).In part, the inadequacy of available performance-based design tools for walls is a result of limitations inthe available experimental data. Prior to the NEES initiative, experimental facilities were such that onlysimplified loading conditions, loading histories, boundary conditions, and geometries could be employedin the laboratory. Additionally, instrumentation was such that experimental data typically include walldisplacements and end rotations, average strain measurements and a few analog images showing damageprogression. Only a few existing experimental data characterize the response of walls with complexgeometries or subjected to bi-directional load histories. None of these data sets include high-resolutionstrain fields for use in validating advanced simulation tools, nor do any of these data sets include highresolution digital images that can be used to quantify damage. No experimental investigations considerboundary conditions that simulate soil and foundation deformations.INTELLECTUAL MERITThe research proposed here will advance the understanding of, and simulation tools for, the seismicperformance of slender walls through experimental and analytical investigations of wall systems with 1)configurations used in modern design, 2) load distributions that are representative of earthquake loading,3) and consideration of soil-structure-interaction effects. The advanced experimental capabilities of theUIUC MUST-SIM NEES facility will permit realistic simulation of these complex conditions.Instrumentation developed as part of the MUST-SIM facility makes possible high-resolution monitoringof test specimen displacement fields and such data are necessary to enable the proposed modeldevelopment effort. These data will be used to advance the state-of-the-art for simulation of reinforcedconcrete structures through the development of fiber-shell elements that can be used to simulate theinelastic response, including localized damage mechanisms, of three-dimensional walls. Results of theproposed experimental investigation and parametric studies using the high-resolution numerical modelswill be used to advance the state-of-the-practice for design of wall systems including the development ofelastic and simplified inelastic modeling techniques that are appropriate for use with commercialsoftware. Additionally, experimental and simulation data will be used to develop performance-baseddesign tools that account for modeling uncertainty and link engineering demand parameters and damagestates.BROADER IMPACTThe structural engineering profession recognizes that the limitations identified above represent asignificant gap in the development and implementation of performance-based seismic design provisions.To facilitate the transfer of the research result to practice, an External Advisory Panel has been assembledfor the project that includes prominent structural engineers and members of structural engineeringsocieties. An interactive website will be developed to disseminate research results to earthquakeengineering professionals, educators and students to allow real-time viewing of experimental tests. Inaddition to educating today's engineers, the research team will use the research process and results toeducate future engineers using the tele-observation capabilities at the NEES facility and educationmodules in design and analysis classes. The project team will leverage its own diversity and establishedprograms in the colleges of engineering to reach a diverse student population. In addition to theseactivities, the team will work with college of engineering at UW, UICU and MUST-SIM group to reachK-12 students with activities such as Engineering Open House.