Doctoral Dissertation Research Proposal: Investigating Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Mobility Patterns in Northern Spain

博士论文研究提案：调查西班牙北部更新世晚期狩猎采集者的流动模式

• 批准号: 0422628
• 负责人: Lawrence Straus
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0422628&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Proposal; Investigating

Under the supervision of Dr. Lawrence G. Straus, John Rissetto will examine the geographic mobility and territoriality patterns of Magdalenian (17,000-11,500 B.P.) hunter-gatherers from Cantabria, Spain. It is currently hypothesized that these groups, who existed at the end of the last Ice Age and created the famous Altamira cave paintings, maintained small, regional-based territories. However, because of the diverse artistic and technological similarities shared between these groups and other groups from north of the Pyrenees, it is also assumed that there was a great deal more trans-Pyrenean contact and interaction than originally interpreted through the existing archaeological record. It is the goal of this research to investigate the actual size of Spanish Magdalenian hunter-gatherer territories though the tracking of transported stone materials as they moved from their original geologic outcrop to their eventual archaeological context.This research will focus on the collection, use, and discard of stone artifacts made of chert raw material from five Magdalenian sites located in the Ason River basin in eastern Cantabria, Spain. Chert, which is a hard, fine grained, sedimentary rock, was used by Magdalenian hunter-gatherers for the production of 90% of their everyday and specialized stone tools. The ubiquity of this raw material type within Magdalenian sites, across Western Europe, makes it ideal for identifying artifacts that people may have carried substantial distance from their original geologic outcrop. Because of the heterogeneous nature of chert formation, there is no single "silver-bullet" analytical technique that can exactly trace an individual piece of chert back to its original geologic formation. But, when the analytical evidence from various techniques is combined, a compositional "finger-print" can be established that accurately represents the structural characteristics of individual chert artifacts or entire chert outcrops. This research program will use a three-tiered analytical methodology that incorporates macroscopic, petrographic, and trace element analyses to geological source discarded chert artifacts in order to better understand and identify the geographic movements of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers.This research, which is associated with the NSF co-funded, Spanish-American excavation of El Miron Cave in the Ason Valley, will help to promote teaching and training, . In northern Spain and in the United States, public outreach associated with this research will be incorporated into the existing local, regional, and nation outreach campaign currently in place for El Miron. This campaign includes public and professional presentations, website development, museum and interpretative displays, and the publication of existing research in both English and Spanish language refereed journals. In addition, the funding of this research will assist greatly in the author's continued graduate training and the timely completion of his doctoral dissertation. Through this research Spanish society will directly benefit from a greater understanding of its prehistoric past, while the global community will benefit from an increased understanding of how past human groups used geographic movement, much like we do today, as a means of dealing with social or ecological change or adversity.

在劳伦斯·G·施特劳斯博士的监督下，约翰·里塞托将研究马格达勒尼亚(公元前17000-11500)的地理流动性和领土模式。来自西班牙坎塔布里亚的狩猎采集者。目前的假设是，这些群体存在于上一个冰河时代末期，创造了著名的阿尔塔米拉洞穴壁画，维持着小的、以地区为基础的领土。然而，由于这些群体与比利牛斯山以北的其他群体在艺术和技术上有着不同的相似之处，人们还假设，比起最初通过现有考古记录所解释的，跨比利牛斯山的接触和互动要多得多。这项研究的目的是通过追踪运输的石材从原始的地质露头移动到最终的考古环境来调查西班牙马格达勒尼亚狩猎采集领土的实际规模。这项研究的重点是收集、使用和丢弃位于西班牙坎塔布里亚东部亚松河流域的五个马格达勒尼亚遗址的由硅质岩原料制成的石器文物。硅质岩是一种坚硬、颗粒细小的沉积岩，马格达勒尼亚的狩猎采集者用它来生产90%的日常和专门的石器。这种原材料类型在整个西欧的马格达勒尼亚遗址中随处可见，这使得它成为识别人类可能携带距离原始地质露头很远的文物的理想选择。由于硅质岩形成的异质性，没有单一的“银弹”分析技术可以准确地将每一块硅质岩追溯到其原始地质形成。但是，当来自不同技术的分析证据结合在一起时，就可以建立一个成分“指纹”，准确地代表单个硅质岩人工制品或整个硅质岩露头的结构特征。这项研究计划将使用三层分析方法，将宏观、岩相学和微量元素分析结合到地质来源的废弃硅质岩文物中，以更好地了解和识别马格达勒尼亚狩猎-采集者的地理运动。这项研究与美国国家科学基金会共同资助、西班牙和美国对Ason山谷El Mron洞穴的挖掘有关，将有助于促进教学和培训。在西班牙北部和美国，与这项研究相关的公众宣传将被纳入目前为埃尔米伦开展的地方、区域和国家宣传活动中。这项活动包括公开和专业介绍、网站开发、博物馆和解释性展示，以及在英文和西班牙文参考期刊上发表现有研究成果。此外，这项研究的资助将对作者继续研究生培训和及时完成博士论文有很大帮助。通过这项研究，西班牙社会将直接受益于更好地了解其史前历史，而全球社会也将受益于更多地了解过去的人类群体如何像我们今天一样利用地理运动作为应对社会或生态变化或逆境的手段。