Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Lithic Technological Organization during the Lower Magdalenian of Vasco-Cantabrian Spain

在Lawrence Guy Straus博士（PI）的指导下，丽莎M.丰特斯（共同PI）将研究石头文物从五个较低的抹大拉纪（c。西班牙大西洋北方的考古遗址：阿尔塔米拉、埃尔米龙、埃尔朱约、埃尔拉斯卡尼奥和埃凯恩。 收集到的数据将用于探索人类技术适应的问题，严酷的，寒冷的，但在坎塔布里亚地区的气候变化紧接着最后一次冰期最大。 该项目将扩大对史前狩猎采集行为的考古学理解，特别是人们如何组织收集和运输原材料以及制造，使用和丢弃他们的工具作为成功的适应系统的一部分。 本研究有两个目的：（1）了解在抹大拉时期，人类如何使他们的石器技术适应不同的环境条件，这是一个以独特的石器和骨制品和艺术为特征的区域文化繁荣的时期;（2）拓宽考古学家理解石器时代人类行为的透镜，（人类行为生态学）和新的分析方法，用于分析石器（工具和制造碎片），并进行直接的文物级比较。 这些方法将建立在先前的抹大拉研究的基础上，该研究提供了对该地区和该时期人类行为的总体了解。 共同PI假设，技术组织不同的网站环境的基础上的生态区的变化，但适应性稳定的整体。 通过这项研究，考古学家将能够解释石器技术与马格德林时期人类整体行为的关系。 该项目将产生更广泛的影响，超出其对马格德林狩猎采集者的人类学知识的贡献。 通过在西班牙为期一年的研究，共同PI将促进居住在美国和欧洲的研究人员之间的国际研究合作。 她的工作成果将通过同行评审的期刊出版物传播给科学界和公众;在地方，区域和专业会议上的演讲;为公众编写的项目网站;和tDAR（数字考古记录），一个在线档案。 这个研究项目将是准备作为一个专业的考古学家的职业生涯的共同PI的关键。 此外，合作PI将把她的研究成果应用于她未来在美国的教学，这是她致力于实现的目标。 收集到的数据将用于协助培训大学生的考古方法。 通过传播项目成果，共同研究者将奋进提高公众对人类学、考古学和社会科学方法的理解。 该项目将有助于正在进行的关于史前人类如何利用技术作为适应的关键手段的讨论;这与目前关于人类如何在全球化世界中利用其技术的辩论有关。 通过这样的研究，考古学家可以将对过去技术适应的理解应用于人类必须考虑技术和资源管理的长期影响的当前情况。

Under the guidance of Dr. Lawrence Guy Straus (PI), Lisa M. Fontes (co-PI) will study stone artifacts from five Lower Magdalenian (c. 17-14,500 radiocarbon years ago) archaeological sites in northern Atlantic Spain: Altamira, El Mirón, El Juyo, El Rascaño, and Ekain. Data collected will be used to explore questions of human technological adaptations to the harsh, cold, but variable climate in the Cantabrian region immediately following the Last Glacial Maximum. This project will expand archaeological understanding of prehistoric hunter-gatherer behavior, specifically how people organized the collection and transport of raw materials and the manufacture, use and discard of their tools as part of a successful adaptive system. This research has two objectives: (1) to learn more about how humans adapted their stone technologies to diverse environmental circumstances during the Magdalenian, a time when a regional culture, characterized by its distinctive stone and bone artifacts and art, flourished; and (2) to widen the lens through which archaeologists understand human behavior in the Stone Age by integrating a robust theoretical approach (human behavioral ecology) and new analytic methods for analysis of stone artifacts (both tools and manufacturing debris) with direct landscape-level comparisons. These methods will build upon previous Magdalenian research that has provided a general understanding of human behavior in this region and time period. The co-PI hypothesizes that technological organization differed site-circumstantially based on ecotonal variation, yet was adaptively stable overall. Through this research, archaeologists will be able to explicate the relationship of stone tool technology to overall human behavior during the Magdalenian. This project will have a broader impact beyond its contribution to anthropological knowledge of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers. Through year-long study in Spain, the co-PI will foster international research collaboration among researchers living in the US and Europe who study the Cantabrian Magdalenian. The results of her work will be disseminated to the scientific and public community through peer reviewed journal publications; presentations at local, regional, and professional conferences; a project website written for the general public; and tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record), an online archive. This research project will be the key to preparing the co-PI for a career as a professional archaeologist. Additionally, the co-PI will apply the results of her research to her future teaching in the US, a goal to which she is dedicated. Data collected will be used to assist in training undergraduates in archaeological methods. Through dissemination of project results, the co-PI will endeavor to improve public understanding of anthropology, archaeology, and methodology in social science. This project will contribute to ongoing discussion of how prehistoric peoples used technology as a critical means of adaptation; this is relevant to current debates about how humans utilize their technologies in a globalized world. Through studies such as this one, archaeologists can apply understanding of past technological adaptations to current situations where humans must consider the long-term effects of technology and resource management.