Collaborative Research: Biocatalytic Filtration and Carbon Cycling in Permeable Sediments

合作研究：可渗透沉积物中的生物催化过滤和碳循环

• 批准号: 0424786
• 负责人: Carol Arnosti
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0424786&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Biocatalytic; Filtration; Carbon

ABSTRACTOCE-0424967Permeable sands cover approximately 70% of the continental shelves but it is not fully known how organic matter that settles to the shelf sediment is processed in permeable sands. In general, diagenetic processes are poorly understood in sands largely because standard approaches developed for fine-grained sediments fail to accurately mimic in situ conditions in sands. However, due to rapid porewater transport, the dynamics of uptake, metabolism, and release of organic matter in permeable sediments are fundamentally different from those in fine-grained, relatively impermeable, marine sediments. Recent in-situ measurements using innovative techniques suggest that shelf sands act as a large biocatalytic filter that efficiently removes and rapidly degrades dissolved/particulate organic matter from the water column, implying that shelf sands play a central role in the cycling of organic matter. Researchers from Florida State University, along with colleagues from University of Virginia and University of North Carolina, will generate a comprehensive dataset quantifying advective solute and particle fluxes, and mineralization rates in permeable shelf sediment subjected to current-induced pore water exchange. The data will be integrated by a model of coupled transport and reaction in permeable shelf sands, permitting improvement over existing diagenetic shelf sediment models, and generating a tool with predictive ability for managers and policy makers. These results will foster understanding of the continental shelf which is the most productive, economically most important, and at the same time the most threatened oceanic environment. On the local level, project results will be directly applicable to management and conservation efforts in the Apalachicola Bay region of Florida, which is the designated study area. On an international scale, the project will start a new research network in the area of permeable shelf sediments that will be linked to an existing program for the European Union.

渗透性砂体覆盖了大约70%的大陆架，但目前还不完全清楚沉积到陆架沉积物中的有机物是如何在渗透性砂体中处理的。一般来说，砂岩中的成岩过程知之甚少，很大程度上是因为为细粒沉积物开发的标准方法无法准确模拟砂岩中的原地条件。然而，由于孔隙水的快速传输，可渗透沉积物中有机质的吸收、代谢和释放动力学与细粒、相对不透水的海洋沉积物中的有机物质的吸收、代谢和释放动力学有根本的不同。最近利用创新技术进行的现场测量表明，陆架砂充当了一个大型生物催化过滤器，有效地从水柱中去除并迅速降解溶解/颗粒有机物，这意味着陆架砂在有机质的循环中发挥着核心作用。佛罗里达州立大学的研究人员将与弗吉尼亚大学和北卡罗来纳大学的同事一起，生成一个全面的数据集，量化平流溶质和颗粒通量，以及受水流诱导的孔隙水交换影响的可渗透陆架沉积物的矿化率。这些数据将通过渗透性陆架砂岩中的耦合传输和反应模型进行整合，从而允许改进现有的成岩陆架沉积物模型，并为管理者和政策制定者生成具有预测能力的工具。这些结果将促进对大陆架的理解，大陆架是最具生产力、经济上最重要的，同时也是最受威胁的海洋环境。在地方一级，项目成果将直接应用于佛罗里达州阿帕拉契科拉湾地区的管理和保护工作，该地区是指定的研究区域。在国际范围内，该项目将在可渗透陆架沉积物领域启动一个新的研究网络，该网络将与欧盟现有的一个项目相联系。