Collaborative Research: Time-Series and Process Measurements of Dimethylsulfide Dynamics at BATS and in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre

合作研究：BATS 和北大西洋副热带环流二甲硫醚动力学的时间序列和过程测量

• 批准号: 0424815
• 负责人: Nicholas Bates
• 金额: $ 38.28万
• 依托单位: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0424815&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Time; Series; Process

ABSTRACTOCE-0425166Characterization and quantification of biosphere-climate interactions is critical to understanding and predicting climate change. The feedback between biosphere and climate is mediated to a significant degree by the dynamics of radiatively active, biogenic trace gases. Quantifying the dynamics and air-sea exchange of these gases is a major objective of the new I.G.B.P. (International Biosphere-Geosphere Program) program SOLAS, the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study. The biogenic production and subsequent ventilation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is climatically important as it has been postulated that DMS and its atmospheric oxidation products are part of a cloud albedo feedback mechanism which links global biosphere and climate.Progress in understanding biosphere-climate interactions is hampered largely because it is difficult to accurately constrain, parameterize, or validate models. There are simply not enough field observations collected in conjunction with the appropriate ancillary data to assess forcing factors in a mechanistic and predictive way. In this project, scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Bermuda Biological Station for Research will collect and study new time-series data set of DMS dynamics, including critical pool and rate measurements vital to assess not only the long-term variability of the DMS pool (and major associated compounds) but also the short-term dynamics of DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP - the main precursor of DMS in ocean water) that underlie this long-term variability. By revisiting the same oceanic gyre, this new study will represent the first long term comparison of DMS and DMSP concentrations anywhere in deep ocean. The measurements made in the first study will be repeated now, more than a decade later, in addition to a broader suite of measurements to address new hypotheses about the factors controlling DMS dynamics. Monthly measurements will include key turnover dynamics of DMS and dissolved DMSP in surface waters using new 35S tracer methods, aqueous DMSO concentrations, and diel variations in atmospheric DMS during the BATS cruises. This comprehensive time-series and process sampling scheme will allow us to describe mechanistically the controls on key DMS, DMSP, and DMSO turnover rates and will serve as a unique validation data set for past and future modeling efforts.Broader Impacts: Results from this study should improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms controlling DMSP and DMS concentrations in oligotrophic waters and also provide key variables for model calibration and validation, thereby improving our ability to simulate and predict future biosphere-climate feedbacks. This research will also support the research of a student and a postdoctoral investigator, and encourage multifaceted interactions with scientists in several institutions in the US and Europe.

生物圈-气候相互作用的表征和量化对于理解和预测气候变化至关重要。 生物圈和气候之间的反馈在很大程度上是由具有辐射活性的、生物成因的微量气体的动态所介导的。 对这些气体的动力学和海气交换进行量化是新的国际生物圈计划（国际生物圈计划）的一个主要目标。 二甲硫醚（DMS）的生物生成和随后的通风具有重要的气候意义，因为DMS及其大气氧化产物被认为是联系全球生物圈和气候的云反馈机制的一部分，但由于难以精确地约束、参数化或验证模型，对生物圈-气候相互作用的理解进展受到很大阻碍。 根本没有足够的实地观测数据与适当的辅助数据一起收集，以机械和预测的方式评估强迫因素。 在该项目中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所和百慕大生物研究站的科学家将收集和研究新的DMS动态时间序列数据集，包括关键的游泳池和速率测量，不仅对评估DMS游泳池的长期变化至关重要，（和主要相关化合物），以及DMS和二甲基磺基丙酸酯的短期动态（DMSP -海水中二甲硫醚的主要前体），这是这种长期变化的基础。 通过重新访问同一个海洋环流，这项新研究将代表深海任何地方DMS和DMSP浓度的首次长期比较。 在第一项研究中进行的测量将在十多年后的今天重复进行，此外还将进行更广泛的测量，以解决有关控制DMS动态的因素的新假设。 每月的测量将包括使用新的35 S示踪方法的地表沃茨中二甲硫醚和溶解的二甲硫醚悬浮物质的关键周转动态、二甲硫醚水溶液浓度以及最佳可行技术巡航期间大气二甲硫醚的昼夜变化。 这一全面的时间序列和过程采样方案将使我们能够机械地描述对关键DMS、DMSP和DMSO周转率的控制，并将作为过去和未来建模工作的独特验证数据集。这项研究的结果将提高我们对贫营养沃茨中DMSP和DMS浓度控制机制的理解，并为模型校准提供关键变量和验证，从而提高我们模拟和预测未来生物圈气候反馈的能力。 这项研究还将支持一名学生和一名博士后研究人员的研究，并鼓励与美国和欧洲几个机构的科学家进行多方面的互动。