NSEC: Center Of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS)

纳米科学与工程中心名为集成纳米机械系统中心（COINS）是加州大学伯克利分校，加州理工学院，斯坦福大学和加州大学默塞德之间的合作伙伴关系。该团队将与来自国家实验室（桑迪亚和劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）和行业（惠普，纳米系统，IBM，通用电气，英特尔，霍尼韦尔和雪佛龙德士古）的合作伙伴密切互动。 NSEC包括来自7个部门的27名调查员。 COINS专注于硬物质和软物质界面的分子和纳米级力学，以“元件到设备到系统”的研究策略为中心有五个推力：（I）关键纳米力学构建块;（II）纳米力学的理论模拟;（III）机械。 纳米结构元素的行为;（IV）纳米力学测量仪器;和（V）纳米力学系统集成。化学合成（Thrust I）在生成关键的纳米机械构建块（包括合成/生物分子、纳米管和纳米线）方面发挥着重要作用。 在原子和连续水平的计算方案（推力II）将开发解决在实验中观察到的标度效应，并提供理论见解和指导的实验工作在硬币。Research Thrust III探索了Thrust I中产生的关键纳米机械构建块的内在力学行为。 利用光镊、AFM/STM和原位TEM等技术对纳米尺度下的品质因数、强度、摩擦、磨损和能量耗散进行了系统的研究。此外，将设计新的纳米机械测试程序和设备（推力IV），以评估纳米机械构建块的机械性能。这些包括用于RF谐振器表征的AFM系统，基于MEMS的纳米结构测试平台和非接触式纳米机械仪器。推力V将利用其他四个推力中开发和表征的纳米机械单元来解决系统集成问题。 在这里，自下而上的合成技术将充分利用传统的自上而下的NEMS制造方法。自组织的概念将从自然界中改编成有趣的生物机械系统。Thrust V最终将使单个设备集成到能够执行高度复杂任务的全功能纳米机械系统中。所有五个推力领域将在伯克利代表;斯坦福大学将有助于推力二，三，四，和加州理工学院将有助于推力三，四，和五。该中心有更广泛的影响，在解决纳米技术阿萨创新的前沿系统的实时研究;知识产权制度的影响;标准制定;对新兴的纳米技术产业的控制;在美国和世界各地的工业位置;以及风险管理--包括真实的风险和对潜在破坏性技术所造成风险的感知。COINS内的教育工作不仅包括为中心提出的科学主题，而且还满足了新兴的纳米级科学和技术世界对劳动力培训的更广泛需求。COINS包括一个涉及公众、高中生和大学生的教育计划，以吸引他们走上多样化的教育道路和就业机会。 将设计一个“首都科学”讲习班项目，帮助州立法者及其工作人员就具有重大科学和技术意义的问题作出更好的政策决定。由于NSF IGERT和纳米科学与工程的指定重点，伯克利分校正在开发一些新的纳米科学研究生和本科生课程。特别是，将开设纳米科学入门课程和纳米力学课程。此外，COINS将支持将于2005年8月开放的加州大学默塞德的教育和推广活动，并有可能成为西班牙裔服务机构。加州大学默塞德校长已经制定了一个目标，从经济和教育服务不足的圣华金河谷中部招收一半的学生。对加州大学默塞德感兴趣的学生中有53%来自收入在4万美元或以下的家庭。我们将专注于创建涵盖纳米科学关键概念的在线模块。 来自加州大学默塞德和合作伙伴社区学院的本科生将在研究生和教师的监督下构建这些模块。这种经验还将包括在教师参与者的实验室居住的时间。这将使他们能够在学术生涯的早期接触大学研究。在这项工作中开发的课件将用于K-12推广工作，加州大学默塞德教师将在较低的中央谷进行。此外，纳米技术组件将被纳入环境工程计划，为加州大学默塞德开放的专业之一。

The Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center entitled Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS) is a partnership between UC Berkeley, Caltech, Stanford and UC Merced. This team will interact closely with partners from national laboratories (Sandia and Lawrence Berkeley National Labs) and industry (HP, Nanosys, IBM, GE, Intel, Honeywell, and ChevronTexaco). The NSEC includes 27 investigators from 7 departments. COINS has a focus on molecular and nanometer level mechanics at the interface of hard and soft matter, with five thrusts centering on an "element-to-device-to-system" research strategy: (I) Key Nanomechanical Building Blocks; (II) Theoretical Simulation of Nanomechanics; (III) Mechanical. Behavior of Nanostructure Elements; (IV) Instrumentations for Nanomechanical Measurements; and (V) Nanomechanical System Integration. Chemical synthesis (Thrust I) plays a significant role in generating key nanomechanical building blocks including synthetic/biological molecules, nanotubes and nanowires. Computational schemes at the atomistic and continuum levels (Thrust II) will be developed to address the scaling effects observed in the experiments and offer theoretical insight and guidance for the experimental works in COINS. Research Thrust III probes the intrinsic mechanical behaviors of the key nanomechanical building blocks produced in Thrust I. Optical tweezers, AFM/STM and in-situ TEM are used to systematically study the quality factor, strength, friction, wear, and energy dissipation at nanometer scale. In addition, novel nanomechanical testing procedures and devices (Thrust IV) will be designed in order to assess the mechanical properties of the nanomechanical building blocks. These include AFM systems for RF resonator characterization, MEMS-based testing platforms for nanostructures, and non-contact nanomechanical instrumentation. Thrust V will tackle the system integration issues utilizing nanomechanical units developed and characterized in the other four thrusts. Here, the bottom-up synthetic techniques will substantially leverage the conventional top-down approaches for NEMS fabrication. Concepts of selforganization will be adapted from nature in intriguing biological mechanical systems. Thrust V will ultimately enable the integration of individual devices into fully functional nanomechanical systems capable of performing highly complex tasks. All five thrust areas will be represented at Berkeley; Stanford University will contribute to Thrusts II, III, and IV, and Cal Tech will contribute to Thrusts III, IV, and V.The Center has broader impacts in addressing the real-time study of nanotechnology asa leading edge system of innovation; the influence of the intellectual property system; standard-setting; control on emerging nanotechnological industries; industrial location, both within the United States and around the world; and the management of risks-both real risks and the perception of risks created by potentially disruptive technologies.Educational efforts within COINS will not only encompass the scientific themes proposed for theCenter, but also address the broader need of workforce training in the emerging world of nanoscale science and technology. COINS includes an education program involving the general public, high school and college students to attract them to the diverse educational paths and career opportunities. A "Capital Science" workshop program will be designed to help state legislators and their staff make better policy decisions on issues with a significant scientific and technical dimensions. As a result of the NSF IGERT and the Designated Emphasis in Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Berkeley is in the process of developing a number of new graduate and undergraduate courses in nanoscience. In particular, an introductory course on nanoscience and a course on nanomechanics will be developed. In addition, COINS will support education and outreach activities at UC Merced, which will open in August 2005, and is likely to qualify as a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The Chancellor of UC Merced has set a goal to enroll half of the student body from the Central San Joaquin Valley, an economically and educationally underserved area. Fifty-three percent of the students demonstrating an interest in UC Merced were from households with incomes of $40,000 or less. We will focus on creating online modules that cover key concepts in nanoscience. Undergraduates from UC Merced and partner community colleges will construct the modules, under the supervision of graduate students and faculty. This experience will also include time in residence in the laboratories of faculty participants. This will enable their exposure to university research early on in their academic careers. The courseware developed in this effort will be used in K-12 outreach efforts that UC Merced faculty will undertake in the lower Central Valley. In addition, a nanoscale technology component will be incorporated into the Environmental Engineering program, one of the opening majors for UC Merced.