Phylogenetic Analysis of Eurasion Allotetraploid Species of Elymus (Gramineae) Based on Four Molecular Data Sets.

基于四个分子数据集的披碱草（禾本科）Eurasion异源四倍体物种的系统发育分析。

• 批准号: 0426194
• 负责人: Roberta Mason-Gamer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0426194&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Analysis; Eurasion; Allotetraploid; Species

0426194Mason-Gamer Research by Dr. Roberta Mason-Gamer of the University of Illinois-Chicago is designed to clarify the evolutionary history of several European and Asian species in the grass genus Elymus. Elymus is classified within the wheat tribe, Triticeae, along with wheat, barley, and rye. From an evolutionary standpoint, Elymus is interesting because of its complex genetic history. While the genetically simplest, or diploid, members of the Triticeae have two complete sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent, just as in humans), Elymus individuals have four, six, or even eight complete sets, representing the combined genomes from two or more genetically and evolutionarily distinct ancestors. This research focuses on the four-genome (tetraploid) members of Elymus that are native to Europe and Asia, and builds directly upon earlier research on the tetraploid Elymus species of North America. The objective of the research is to clarify the evolutionary history of 18 of these complex Eurasian species using DNA sequence data from four different molecular markers. More specifically, the goals are to: (1) identify the diploid maternal and paternal progenitors of each species, and (2) assess whether patterns of genetic diversity within Elymus correspond either to broad geographic patterns, or to previously observed patterns of outwardly visible morphological variation. When data from these species are combined with existing data from the North American tetraploids, this research will encompass the largest group of polyploids examined to date using detailed molecular phylogenetic methods. Studies of polyploids are relevant to understanding the extraordinary diversity of flowering plants on earth, since as many as half of all flowering plant species are of polyploid origin. Not only does polyploidy represent a major mechanism of plant speciation, but some of our most important crop plants are polyploid, including alfalfa, canola, cotton, coffee, cruciferous vegetables, potatoes, soybeans, tobacco, wheat, and many others. Thus, mechanisms of polyploid formation and the genetic changes that accompany polyploidy are of broad interest to plant scientists in many fields of research. Evolutionary studies such as the one described here lay the necessary groundwork for detailed explorations of many other facets of polyploidy. In addition to providing insights into the complicated history of Elymus, the project will support student education at the University of Illinois at Chicago in two ways. First, two graduate students will be supported by the grant. They will be deeply involved with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of genetic data. Whatever they gain from this experience in terms of methods and ideas will directly enrich their own thesis research. Second, undergraduate student participation will be an important part of completing the project. The grant provides work-study wages, and also supports the cost of supplies for students who wish to receive course credit for completing research projects. Undergraduates will learn many broadly applicable laboratory techniques, including DNA isolation, gene amplification, and DNA sequencing.

伊利诺伊州 - 芝加哥大学罗伯塔·梅森·盖默（Roberta Mason-Gamer）博士的0426194Mason-Gamer研究旨在阐明草丛中的几种欧洲和亚洲物种的进化历史。 Elymus与小麦，大麦和黑麦一起被分类在小麦部落中。 从进化的角度来看，由于其复杂的遗传史，Elymus很有趣。 虽然遗传上最简单或二倍体的成员具有两组完整的染色体（一个来自每个父母的染色体，就像在人类中一样），但Elymus个体具有四个，六个甚至八个完整的组，代表了两个或更多遗传和进化不同的祖先的组合基因组。 这项研究的重点是欧洲和亚洲原产性的Elymus的四基因组（四倍体）成员，并直接建立在早期对北美四倍体的Elymus物种的研究。 该研究的目的是使用来自四个不同分子标记的DNA序列数据来阐明这些复杂欧亚种类的18种历史。 更具体地说，目标是：（1）确定每个物种的二倍体母体和父亲的祖细胞，（2）评估Elymus内遗传多样性的模式是否与广泛的地理模式相对应，还是以前观察到的外向可见的形态变异的模式。 当这些物种的数据与北美四倍体的现有数据相结合时，该研究将涵盖使用详细的分子系统发育方法迄今为止检查的最大的多倍体组。多倍体的研究与了解地球上开花植物的非凡多样性有关，因为多达一半的开花植物物种都是多倍体起源。 多倍体不仅代表了植物物种形成的主要机制，而且我们最重要的作物植物是多倍体，包括苜蓿，低芥末，棉花，棉花，咖啡，十字花科蔬菜，土豆，大豆，烟草，小麦等。 因此，在许多研究领域，多倍体形成的机制和伴随多倍体的遗传变化对植物科学家的广泛关注。 诸如此处描述的进化研究为详细探索多倍体的许多其他方面提供了必要的基础。 除了提供有关Elymus复杂历史的见解外，该项目还将通过两种方式支持伊利诺伊大学伊利诺伊大学的学生教育。 首先，两名研究生将得到赠款的支持。 他们将深入参与遗传数据的收集，分析和解释。 无论他们从方法和思想方面从这种经验中获得什么都将直接丰富自己的论文研究。 其次，学生参与将是完成该项目的重要组成部分。 该赠款提供工作培养工资，还为希望获得课程学分完成研究项目的学生提供供应成本。 本科生将学习许多广泛适用的实验室技术，包括DNA隔离，基因扩增和DNA测序。