Distributed Space-Time Communication For Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络的分布式时空通信

• 批准号: 0431205
• 负责人: Upamanyu Madhow
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0431205&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Distributed; Space; Time; Communication; Wireless

Wireless sensor networks have a large array of potential applications,including environmental monitoring, home and factory automation, andhomeland security. This research addresses efficient data collectionfrom sensor networks, which is one of the fundamental bottlenecks tolarge-scale deployment of low-cost sensor nodes. Two key difficultiesare scale (how to manage very large numbers of relativelyunsophisticated nodes) and energy (communication is energy-intensive,but sensor nodes must operate for months or years on battery, or byscavenging energy from the environment). This research has twocomplementary research thrusts, both investigating novel techniquesfor data collection from sensor networks, exploiting the naturaldistribution of sensor nodes in space. The first, termed virtualradar, enables deployment of extremely simple sensor nodes which donot need networking or position location functionality, by moving thecomplexity to a sophisticated data collection node. The secondapproach requires more sophisticated nodes, and increases energyefficiency and range by obtaining the functionality of multi-antennatransmission by intelligent coordination between neighboring(single-antenna) sensor nodes.In the first thrust, termed virtual radar, sensor nodes with activityto report electronically reflect a beacon transmitted by a"driveby" or "flyby" collector node, thuscreating a radar-like geometry. The collector employs sophisticatedsynthetic aperture radar like signal processing techniques to obtainan "image" of the activity in the sensor field.Tracking of events moving across the sensor field, and exploitingmultiple antennas at the collector, are investigated. The secondthrust, termed distributed transmission, involves investigation ofbeamforming, diversity and power gains obtained by coordinatingbetween neighboring nodes, as a function of the level ofsynchronization achieved among the nodes. Methods of achieving suchsynchronization are also considered.

无线传感器网络具有广泛的潜在应用，包括环境监测、家庭和工厂自动化以及国土安全。本研究解决了从传感器网络中有效收集数据的问题，这是大规模部署低成本传感器节点的基本瓶颈之一。两个关键的困难是规模（如何管理大量相对不复杂的节点）和能量（通信是能源密集型的，但传感器节点必须依靠电池运行数月或数年，或者从环境中获取能量）。这项研究有两个互补的研究重点，都是研究从传感器网络收集数据的新技术，利用传感器节点在空间中的自然分布。第一种被称为虚拟雷达，通过将复杂性转移到复杂的数据收集节点，可以部署极其简单的传感器节点，不需要网络或位置定位功能。第二种方法需要更复杂的节点，并通过相邻（单天线）传感器节点之间的智能协调来获得多天线传输的功能，从而提高能量效率和范围。在第一个推力中，被称为虚拟雷达，具有报告活动的传感器节点以电子方式反射由“驾驶”或“飞越”收集器节点传输的信标，从而创建类似雷达的几何结构。采集器采用复杂的合成孔径雷达，如信号处理技术，以获得传感器场活动的“图像”。跟踪在传感器场中移动的事件，并利用收集器上的多个天线，进行了研究。第二个推力，称为分布式传输，涉及到通过在相邻节点之间协调获得的波束形成、分集和功率增益的研究，作为节点之间实现同步水平的函数。还考虑了实现这种同步的方法。