Precipitation and Attenuation Estimates from a High Resolution Weather Radar Network (PATTERN)

高分辨率气象雷达（HRWR）是近年来发展起来的一种能够在空间和时间上观测60米和30秒分辨率降水的新技术。作为具有小型天线的低成本系统，这些系统在受雷达信号衰减影响的x波段频率范围内运行。该项目旨在证明HRWR网络可以克服这个明显的缺点。在有多个雷达覆盖的区域，可以同时推导出固有反射率和比衰减。比衰减与降水率之间的关系变化小于通常使用的反射率与降水率之间的关系。作为附加观测量的特定衰减可能会提高雨率估计的准确性。该项目通过在林登堡气象台实际安装三个HRWR系统和理想化的基于模型的研究，对网络化HRWR的潜力进行了全面评估。调查从沿着两个对立雷达系统连接线的一维装置开始。该框架将用于改进已发表的网络检索，开发一种新的基于有限元的方法，并探索雷达校准的新技术。第二步，将这些方法扩展到二维扫描几何。最后，通过对林登堡装置的长期评估，对HRWR网络检索的准确性进行了评估。通过基于模型的观测系统模拟实验（OSSE），探讨了在区域尺度上使用更大HRWR网络的潜力。

Recently developed high resolution weather radars (HRWR) are a novel technology to observe precipitation at 60 m and 30 s resolution in space and time. As low cost systems with small antennas, these systems are operated in the X-band frequency range which is affected by attenuation of the radar signal. The project intends to demonstrate a HRWR network can overcome this apparent drawback. In regions, which are covered by more than one radar, it is possible to derive both intrinsic reflectivity and specific attenuation. The relation between specific attenuation and precipitation rate varies less than the commonly used relation between reflectivity and precipitation rate. Specific attenuation as additional observed quantity will likely improve the accuracy of rain rate estimates.The project provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential of networked HRWR both by a practical installation of three HRWR systems at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg and idealized, models based studies. Investigations start on a one-dimensional setup along connecting lines of two opposing radar systems. This framework will be used to refine published network retrievals, to develop a new finite element based method and to explore a new technique for radar calibration. As a second step, these methods are expanded to twodimensional scanning geometry. Finally the accuracy of HRWR network retrievals is assessed by a long-term evaluation of the installation at Lindenberg. The potential to use larger HRWR networks on regional scales is explored by a model based observing system simulation experiment (OSSE).