Collaborative Research: Radiative Effects of Desert Dust Deposits in Alpine Snow

本研究将解决以下科学目标：(1)确定圣胡安山脉积雪吸收粉尘沉积频率和强度的现代基线；(2)积雪的综合反照率和光谱反照率相对于粉尘浓度和分层的时间变化；(3)建立积雪反照率和粉尘浓度之间的参数化，以便纳入大气环流模式的辐射模块。(4)研究了科罗拉多高原和其他来源（自然和人为）的降尘贡献；(5)确定了区域和局部吸收沙尘源对高寒雪原的时间变率。该研究旨在为理解这一半干旱地区水文预算的敏感性提供一个框架，其中雪反照率代表了融雪产生的主要术语。由于缺乏测量，一般的环流模式没有包括雪反照率和杂质的精确参数化。这项工作将向国家大气研究中心的研究人员传达这些参数化，以便将其纳入社区气候系统模型和其他模型。更广泛的影响：该项目提供教育和推广方案。研究生将在PI的监督下完成该项目。该项目将包括大学生研究经验（REU）和教师研究经验（RET）的外展计划。科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的本科生将参与实地和数据分析，作为获得REU资助的高级论文的一部分。作为一名RET，该项目将涉及圣胡安地区一所学校的教师，重点是西尔弗顿公立学校的教师。西尔弗顿公立学校被认为是一所高度贫困的学校，鉴于该学校有能力加强他们的科学和技术课程，它表示有意参与该项目的RET。来自参议员贝克高山和沼泽天使亚高山站点的实时气象数据将通过网络服务器分发，并用于驱动在线版本的雪物理模型“SNTHERM.89”。在大学学习大气科学和雪水学课程的学生将能够获取圣胡安山脉的数据，并使用SNTHERM模型与当地气象和辐射数据一起预测积雪特性。

This study will address the following scientific objectives (1) determination of the modern baseline of absorbing dust deposition frequency and magnitude to snowcover in the San Juan Mountains, (2) the temporal variation of the integrated and spectral albedo of snow relative to dust concentration and layering, (3) develop parameterizations between snow albedo and dust concentrations for inclusion in radiation modules for general circulation models, (4) investigate the contribution of dust deposition from the Colorado Plateau and other sources (natural and anthropogenic), and (5) determine the temporal variability of regional to local absorbing dust sources to the alpine snowfields.The research is intended to provide a framework for understanding the sensitivity of the hydrologic budget in this semi-arid region where snow albedo represents the dominant term in the generation of snowmelt. Because of a lack of measurements, general circulation models have not included accurate parameterizations of snow albedo and impurities. This work will be communicating these parameterizations to researchers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research for inclusion in the Community Climate System Model and other models.Broader Impact: The project provides programs of Education and Outreach. A graduate student will work on the project with supervision provided by the PI. The project will include the outreach programs Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Research Experiences for Teachers (RET). A CU-Boulder undergraduate will participate in field and data analysis as part of a senior thesis with an REU grant. In the capacity of an RET, the project will involve teachers from a San Juan region school with a particular focus on teachers from the Silverton Public School. The Silverton Public School, considered a high poverty school, has expressed intention to participate in an RET with the project given its capacity to enhance their science and technology curriculum.The real-time meteorological data from the Senator Beck alpine and the Swamp Angel subalpine sites will be distributed via a webserver and used to drive an online version of the snow physics model "SNTHERM.89". Students at universities with atmospheric science and snow hydrology courses will be able to access data from the San Juan Mountains and run the SNTHERM model with local meteorological and radiative data to predict snowpack properties.