The Neural Basis of Risky Decision Making

风险决策的神经基础

• 批准号: 0433693
• 负责人: Russell Poldrack
• 金额: $ 76.41万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-10-01 至 2008-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0433693&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neural; Basis; Risky; Decision; Making

This grant, funded under the Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) Competition for FY 2004, provides funding for a set of studies that use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the brain systems involved in decision making. Many decisions must be made without advance knowledge of their consequences and under some degree of physical or financial risk. Whereas the cognitive processes involved in decision making under risk are well understood, the brain systems that underlie these processes have only begun to be explored. This project will examine how brain pathways for the processing of reward and punishment are involved in decision making, by imaging brain activity while individuals make decisions regarding risky gambles (for example, the choice between a sure receipt $20 or a 50/50 chance of either $50 or $0). Factors to be examined include the relation of risky and riskless decisions, the effects of extreme probabilities on risky decision making, and the dynamics of decision making in a context of changing risk. Measures of skin conductance will be obtained during imaging, so that physiological arousal can be quantified and related to behavior and brain activity. Analyses will focus on whether activity in particular brain regions related to the experience of reward or punishment will be predictive of the individual's decisions. Each subject's behavior will also be characterized using formal decision theory models, and the parameters describing this behavior will be related to brain activity. If successful, this research will provide novel insights into how the brain makes decisions. In particular, the results will help to relate quantitative models of behavioral decision making with their neurobiological underpinnings. Knowledge about the neural basis of decision making will encourage convergence across models at the neural and cognitive levels, and will provide neuroscientists with new ways to characterize the relation between brain activity and behavior.

该基金由人类与社会动力学（HSD）竞赛资助，为使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）检查参与决策的大脑系统的一系列研究提供资金。许多决定必须在事先不了解其后果的情况下做出，并且要承担一定程度的身体或财务风险。尽管在风险下做出决策所涉及的认知过程已经被很好地理解，但作为这些过程基础的大脑系统才刚刚开始被探索。这个项目将通过对个体在高风险赌博（例如，在20美元的肯定收入和50美元或0美元的50%的机会之间做出选择）中做出决定时的大脑活动进行成像，来研究处理奖惩的大脑通路是如何参与决策的。要检查的因素包括风险和无风险决策的关系，极端概率对风险决策的影响，以及在不断变化的风险背景下决策的动态。在成像过程中，将获得皮肤电导的测量结果，这样就可以量化生理唤醒，并将其与行为和大脑活动联系起来。分析将集中在与奖励或惩罚经验相关的特定大脑区域的活动是否能预测个人的决定。每个受试者的行为也将使用正式的决策理论模型来描述，描述这种行为的参数将与大脑活动有关。如果成功，这项研究将为大脑如何做出决定提供新的见解。特别是，这些结果将有助于将行为决策的定量模型与其神经生物学基础联系起来。关于决策的神经基础的知识将鼓励在神经和认知水平上的模型的融合，并将为神经科学家提供表征大脑活动和行为之间关系的新方法。