Doctoral Dissertation Research: Changes in Northern Rio Grande Ceramic Production and Exchange, Late Coalition through Classic (A.D. 1250-1600)

博士论文研究：北里奥格兰德陶瓷生产和交流的变化，晚期联盟到古典时期（公元1250-1600年）

• 批准号: 0434605
• 负责人: Timothy Kohler
• 金额: $ 1.11万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0434605&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Changes; Northern

Under the supervision of Dr. Timothy A. Kohler, Diane Curewitz will explore the changing relationship between ceramic economy and social organization at the transition between the Coalition (A.D. 1150-1325) and Classic (A.D. 1325-1600) periods in the northern Rio Grande of New Mexico. Analysis of material composition, technology, decoration, and distribution patterns of two Rio Grande Glaze ware types, two Biscuit ware types, and micaceous cook ware will demonstrate how population movement, aggregation into large villages, and a new ideological system combined to transform production and exchange networks. Linking these economic changes with developments in settlement and social organization will increase understanding of the relationship between exchange and emerging social complexity among the Ancestral Puebloan groups of the region.The focus of investigation will be to develop comparative measures of specialized production, establish ceramic distribution patterns, and analyze social networks based on the exchange of valued goods. Curewitz argues that a new religious ideology, first brought by migrants from east-central Arizona in the late thirteenth century, included an expanded system of communal feasting. Decorated serving vessels used at these occasions identified owners as group members and ritual participants, which added social value to and increased demand for the vessels. Production was limited to potters with access to requisite skills, materials, and ritual knowledge. Relative specialization would increase from production for household use to a network of part-time independent specialists, producing for exchange in excess of household and gifting needs. Closer physical proximity of more distantly related individuals in the large, dense, newly formed residential groups, combined with demand for vessels, encouraged new exchange-driven social relationships based on the specific qualities of the goods themselves. The new networks supplemented the existing reciprocal, debt-based system. The asymmetric exchange of culinary ceramics such as micaceous ware, ordinarily given as gifts among close kin, suggests a growing system of barter. Intensification of barter has potential to increase efficient and more standardized production of items with social and subsistence value specifically for exchange. This would strengthen the new non-kin interaction networks that would support population movement, enhance attainment of social and political power, and reduce subsistence risk. Specialized craft production and increased division of labor (economic differentiation) may have developed without centralized hierarchies, social stratification, and the wealth-based prestige goods economic systems characteristic of state-level societies. This suggests that economic processes had potential to increase social complexity without simultaneously increasing political complexity. The research program will coordinate resources at Washington State University, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Museum of New Mexico, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Underutilized ceramic collections and previous work on Rio Grande ceramics will be assessed for scientific research value, reanalyzed, synthesized. All data will be shared with State and Federal agencies to support future research. Museum renovations in progress at Bandelier National Monument will be enhanced by further detailed study of ceramic collections. Public and professional presentations will take place in New Mexico, at Washington State University, and at Society for American Archaeology annual meetings. Reports will be submitted to the supporting agencies, peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Archaeological Anthropology, and popular magazines such as American Archaeology.

在Timothy A.Kohler博士的指导下，Diane Curewitz将在新墨西哥州格兰德河北部的联盟时期(公元1150-1300年)和古典时期(公元1350年-1600年)之间的过渡时期，探索陶瓷经济和社会组织之间不断变化的关系。通过对两种里奥格兰德釉器、两种饼干器皿和云母厨具的材料组成、工艺、装饰和分布模式的分析，将展示人口流动、聚集到大村庄和新的思想体系如何结合在一起，改变生产和交换网络。将这些经济变化与聚落和社会组织的发展联系起来，将增加对该地区普埃布卢安祖先群体之间交换和新出现的社会复杂性之间的关系的了解。调查的重点将是制定专门生产的比较措施，建立陶瓷分销模式，并基于有价值的商品交换来分析社会网络。Curewitz认为，13世纪末，来自亚利桑那州中东部的移民首次带来了一种新的宗教意识形态，其中包括扩大的集体宴席制度。在这些场合使用的装饰服务船只将船主识别为团体成员和仪式参与者，这增加了对船只的社会价值和需求。生产仅限于能够获得必要技能、材料和仪式知识的陶工。相对专业化将从家庭使用的生产增加到兼职独立专家的网络，为交换超过家庭和送礼需要的产品而生产。在大型、密集、新形成的住宅群中，亲缘关系较远的个人在物理上更接近，再加上对船只的需求，鼓励了基于商品本身特定质量的新的交换驱动的社会关系。新的网络补充了现有的基于债务的互惠系统。像云母器这样的烹饪陶瓷的不对称交换，通常是近亲之间作为礼物赠送的，这表明易货贸易体系正在增长。易货贸易的加强有可能提高专门用于交换的具有社会和生存价值的物品的有效和更加标准化的生产。这将加强新的非亲属互动网络，这些网络将支持人口流动，增强社会和政治权力的实现，并降低生存风险。专业化的手工艺生产和增加的劳动分工(经济分化)可能是在没有中央集权的等级制度、社会分层和以财富为基础的声望商品经济体系的情况下发展起来的，这种经济体系是国家一级社会的特征。这表明，经济进程有可能在不增加政治复杂性的情况下增加社会复杂性。该研究项目将协调华盛顿州立大学、国家公园管理局、土地管理局、新墨西哥州博物馆和洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的资源。未得到充分利用的陶瓷收藏和以前关于里奥格兰德陶瓷的工作将被评估为科学研究价值，重新分析和综合。所有数据将与州和联邦机构共享，以支持未来的研究。班德利耶国家纪念碑正在进行的博物馆翻新工作将通过对陶瓷收藏品的进一步详细研究来加强。公开和专业的陈述将在新墨西哥州、华盛顿州立大学和美国考古学会年会上进行。报告将提交给支持机构、同行评议期刊，如《考古人类学杂志》，以及流行杂志，如《美国考古学》。