Synthesis and Scaling of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Data on the North Slope and Coastal Zones of Alaska: A Basis for Studying Climate Change

阿拉斯加北坡和沿海地区水文和生物地球化学数据的合成和缩放：研究气候变化的基础

• 批准号: 0436118
• 负责人: Marc Stieglitz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0436118&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Synthesis; Scaling; Hydrologic; Biogeochemical; Data

Understanding land-ocean-atmosphere coupling is essential for developing an integrated view of the arctic system, and is a key component of the Study of the Northern Alaska Coastal System (SNACS) program. As an important contribution to SNACS, this is an investigation of the linkage between hydrologic variables and constituent (nutrients and organic matter) fluxes from the North Slope of Alaska to the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. The overarching goal of the work is to develop a generalized understanding of discharge-constituent relationships in arctic basins. The primary question is: What are the relationships between discharge and constituent concentrations in the three largest North Slope basins (Kuparuk, Colville, and Sagavanirktok) and have these relationships changed over the past 25 years of rapid warming in the Arctic? Three sub-questions that emphasize specific spatial and temporal components of the primary question are: 1) What are the contemporary fluxes of C, N and P from the three largest North Slope basins to the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. 2) How do discharge- constituent relationships differ among the 3 largest North Slope basins? 3) How do the discharge-constituent relationships over the past 25 years inform us about future changes? To address these questions, the group take advantage of extensive data collected in the Kuparuk River as a core part of the Arctic LTER project. Researchers have been actively involved in gathering nutrient and organic matter data and recording discharge in the Kuparuk River since the late 1970s. The team will use these data to define discharge-constituent relationships over the open-water season. They will develop transfer functions for use with an existing hydrologic model (the NASA Catchment-based Land Surface Model, CLSM) to estimate contemporary and long-term constituent fluxes from the Colville and Sagavanirktok river basins. This approach is necessary because we lack sufficient historical data on the Colville and Sagavanirktok for a direct analysis. Estimates of contemporary fluxes will be compared to measurements made on the Sagavanirktok and Colville rivers during Year 2 and Year 3 of the project. The generalized discharge-constituent transport relationships that will be defined are needed to synthesize information now being collected at many locations and at many scales. For example, at the Arctic LTER site a current BioComplexity project is modeling hillslope and small catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry. The LTER streams group is studying nutrient spiraling at the scale of the entire Kuparuk catchment. At a much larger scale, work supported by the Freshwater Initiative is quantifying contemporary land-ocean fluxes from the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma rivers in Russia, and Mackenzie and Yukon rivers in North America. Education and Outreach will be emphasized throughout the project. In addition to graduate student participation, the group intends for REU students (Research Experience as Undergraduate) to participate in Years 2 and 3 of the project, both in the field and in the lab.

了解陆地-海洋-大气耦合对于发展北极系统的综合观点是必不可少的，并且是北方阿拉斯加海岸系统研究（SNACS）计划的关键组成部分。作为SNACS的一个重要贡献，这是从阿拉斯加北坡到阿拉斯加博福特海的水文变量和成分（营养物质和有机物）通量之间的联系的调查。这项工作的总体目标是发展一个广义的理解在北极盆地的排放成分的关系。主要问题是：在三个最大的北坡盆地（Kuparuk、科尔维尔和Sagavanirktok）中，流量和成分浓度之间的关系是什么？在北极快速变暖的过去25年中，这些关系是否发生了变化？三个子问题，强调具体的空间和时间组成部分的主要问题是：1）什么是当代通量的C，N和P从三个最大的北坡盆地到阿拉斯加博福特海。2)北坡3个最大盆地的流量-组分关系有何不同？3)过去25年的排放-成分关系如何告诉我们未来的变化？为了解决这些问题，该小组利用在Kuparuk河收集的大量数据作为北极LTER项目的核心部分。自20世纪70年代末以来，研究人员一直积极参与收集营养物质和有机物数据，并记录Kuparuk河的流量。该团队将使用这些数据来定义开放水域季节的排放-成分关系。他们将开发传递函数，用于现有水文模型（美国航天局基于流域的陆面模型），以估计科尔维尔和Sagavanirktok河流域的当代和长期成分通量。这种方法是必要的，因为我们缺乏足够的历史资料，对科尔维尔和Sagavanirktok的直接分析。当代通量的估计值将与项目第2年和第3年期间对Sagavanirktok河和科尔维尔河进行的测量值进行比较。需要确定广义的排放-组分输运关系，以综合目前在许多地点和许多尺度上收集的信息。例如，在北极长期接触试验站点，目前的一个生物复杂性项目正在对山坡和小集水区水文学和生态地球化学进行建模。LTER溪流小组正在研究整个Kuparuk集水区规模的营养螺旋。在更大的范围内，由淡水倡议支持的工作正在量化来自俄罗斯的鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河和科雷马河以及北美的麦肯齐河和育空地区河的当代陆海通量。 教育和推广将在整个项目中得到强调。除了研究生的参与，该集团打算为REU学生（研究经验作为本科）参加该项目的第2年和第3年，无论是在现场和实验室。