Collaborative Proposal: Flux and Transformation of Organic Carbon Across the Eroding Coastline of Northern Alaska

合作提案:阿拉斯加北部侵蚀海岸线有机碳的通量和转化

基本信息

项目摘要

Intellectual Merit: Terrestrial arctic ecosystems store 25.33% of the world's soil organic carbon (OC), and large amounts of the long-sequestered OC is rapidly released by erosion along the ~2000 km coastline of northern Alaska. This eroded OC becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and makes a substantial, but poorly known, contribution to marine ecosystems and to CO2 and methane emissions to the atmosphere. While crude estimates of the flux of OC across the eroding coastline have been developed and are known to be affected by ground-ice stability, little is known about the transformation of terrestrial OC as it crosses the land/ocean interface. This team hypothesizes that the wave-washed foreshore zone is critical to the transformation of OC once it is released from storage through physical dispersion, leaching, and oxidation. How the bioavailability of OC is controlled by the age, size and composition of the organic matter, and how these factors relate to geomorphic environments that have influenced past soil development is critical to quantifying OC transformation. How much of this OC becomes bioavailable to marine ecosystems and is released to the atmosphere as it crosses this narrow, transient zone, and how much returns to long-term sequestration in nearshore sediments is critical to understanding carbon budgets of the Arctic Ocean and to assessing feedbacks associated with climate and sea-ice changes. The feedback of greatest concern to coastal processes is the potential for released OC to: alter biogeochemical cycling, increase CO2 and methane emissions, contribute to climate warming, accelerate sea ice retreat, increase fetch and wave energy to exposed coasts; and ultimately further increase erosion rates and OC flux. Accordingly, this research has four components designed to: (1) characterize the nature and abundance of soil OC and ground ice in relation to geomorphic environments, (2) estimate the total OC flux along the entire coast and develop empirical models to assess the vulnerability of the coast to increased erosion resulting from decreasing summer sea-ice, (3) determine the biogeochemical transformation and bioavailability of OC associated with various dissolved and particulate forms across the land/sea interface through field study and laboratory experimentation; and (4) integrate results to the pan-arctic scale through international collaboration. The study will involve extensive sampling at 50 sites along the entire Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast to develop precise estimates of erosion and OC flux. Intensive sampling at three primary sites along dominant coastline types will be conducted to evaluate the transformation of the eroded OC. Three secondary sites will be added to broaden the monitoring to other coastline types and to involve local communities in assessing coastal changes. Broader Impacts: This project will provide information critical to understanding the biogeochemical consequences of coastal changes in northern Alaska and can be used to estimate pan-arctic coastal OC and sediment inputs through international collaboration. Results can be used to increase our predictive capabilities in related models that address the carbon cycle and the arctic climate system. Of particular relevance will be the characterization of the bioavailability of long-sequestered OC across a range of soil environments, quantification of ground ice that is essential to assessing terrain stability in northern Alaska under a warming climate; and an improved understanding of the role of coastal erosion to the input of carbon and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean. This project will integrate research, professional and student training, and community involvement at Barrow, Nuiqsut, and Kaktovik, in partnership with local village representatives, the oil industry, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to communicate study results and inform local residents about the coastal processes that are import to marine ecosystems and their subsistence activities.
智力优势:北极陆地生态系统储存了全球25.33%的土壤有机碳(OC),阿拉斯加北方约2000 km海岸线沿着侵蚀使大量长期封存的OC迅速释放。这种被侵蚀的有机碳可用于生物地球化学循环,并对海洋生态系统以及二氧化碳和甲烷向大气的排放做出了重大贡献,但鲜为人知。虽然已经开发出了对侵蚀海岸线上OC通量的粗略估计,并且已知会受到地冰稳定性的影响,但对陆地OC在穿越陆地/海洋界面时的转化知之甚少。该团队假设,一旦OC通过物理分散、沥滤和氧化从储存中释放出来,波浪冲刷的前滨区对OC的转化至关重要。有机碳的生物利用度如何受有机质的年龄、大小和组成的控制,以及这些因素与影响过去土壤发育的地貌环境的关系,对于量化有机碳转化至关重要。有多少这种有机碳成为海洋生态系统的生物可利用性,并释放到大气中,因为它穿过这个狭窄的,短暂的区域,有多少返回到近岸沉积物的长期封存是至关重要的了解北冰洋的碳预算和评估与气候和海冰变化相关的反馈。对海岸过程最令人关切的反馈是,释放的有机碳有可能:改变地球化学循环,增加二氧化碳和甲烷排放,导致气候变暖,加速海冰退缩,增加对裸露海岸的吸引力和波浪能;最终进一步增加侵蚀率和有机碳通量。因此,这项研究有四个组成部分,旨在:(1)描述与地貌环境相关的土壤有机碳和地冰的性质和丰度,(2)估算沿着整个海岸的总有机碳通量,并开发经验模型,以评估海岸对夏季海冰减少导致的侵蚀增加的脆弱性,(3)透过实地研究及实验室试验,确定在海陆界面上以不同溶解态及颗粒态存在的有机碳的生物地球化学转化及生物有效性;(4)通过国际合作将成果纳入泛北极范围。这项研究将涉及在整个阿拉斯加博福特海沿岸沿着50个地点进行广泛的采样,以精确估计侵蚀和有机碳通量。将在三个主要地点沿着主要海岸线类型进行密集采样,以评估侵蚀OC的转化。将增加三个二级监测点,以扩大对其他类型海岸线的监测,并让当地社区参与评估海岸变化。更广泛的影响:该项目将提供重要的信息,以了解在北方阿拉斯加海岸变化的生态地球化学后果,并可用于估计泛北极沿海有机碳和沉积物输入通过国际合作。研究结果可用于提高我们在碳循环和北极气候系统相关模型中的预测能力。特别相关的是,将在一系列的土壤环境中的生物利用度的长期螯合有机碳的特性,量化的地面冰,这是必不可少的评估地形稳定性在北方阿拉斯加在气候变暖;和一个更好的理解的作用,海岸侵蚀的碳和营养物质的输入到北冰洋。该项目将整合研究、专业和学生培训以及巴罗、努伊克苏特和卡克托维克的社区参与,与当地村民代表、石油行业和美国鱼类和野生动物管理局合作,交流研究结果,并向当地居民通报对海洋生态系统及其生存活动至关重要的沿海进程。

项目成果

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Mark Jorgenson其他文献

Mark Jorgenson的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Mark Jorgenson', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Effects of the Aggradation and Degradation of Ground Ice on the Evolution of Permafrost-Dominated Landscapes Under a Changing Climate
合作研究:气候变化下地冰的沉积和退化对多年冻土景观演化的影响
  • 批准号:
    0454985
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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