SGER: Unleaded Drinking Water

SGER:无铅饮用水

基本信息

项目摘要

This is SGER award in the Inorganic, Bioinorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Program to Professors Jay Switzer and Eric W. Bohannan at the University of Missouri at Rolla supports research on a current, urgent, public health problem involving lead in drinking water supplies from the perspective of materials science and electrochemistry. The passivation role of the formation and dissolution of oxide films, such as PbO2, PbO, CuO and Cu2O, on the inside of lead and copper pipes will be determined in the presence of commonly-used water disinfectants, hypochlorite and chloramines. The oxides on the inside of actual Pb service lines will be quantitatively analyzed and modeled with electrochemical studies of film growth and dissolution. Dr. Michael Schock of the Water Supply and Water Resources Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio will provide pipes from affected water districts. The oxide films intact on the metal pipes will be analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine phases, crystallographic orientation, grain size and strain by Rietveld analysis. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) will be used to determine the cross-sectional composition and grain size of the films. Due to the softness of Pb, focused ion beam techniques will be employed to prepare the thin cross-sections. Model systems will also be studied by standard electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) to follow the growth and dissolution of oxide films in various water chemistries. Both orthorhombic and tetragonal films of PbO2 will be deposited onto EQCM electrodes followed by studies of the dissolution of the films in the presence of hypochlorite, chloramines, carbonate, orthophosphate, and other species known to be present in municipal drinking water. Film growth by depositing Pb layers on Au or Pt EQCM electrodes will be followed to determine whether hypochlorite and chloramines can oxidize the surface to PbO2. These films will be analyzed by glancing angle XRD, and possibly XPS, to verify the film formation. Although the emphasis is on determining the cause of elevated lead levels in drinking water, the problem of Cu pipe dissolution will also be studied. These problems may be correlated, because Cu in contact with Pb may lead to a galvanic reaction whereby the Cu is oxidized (and dissolved) and the PbO2 passivating layers are reduced. This galvanic reaction might arise at the junctions of Pb and Cu pipes, at Pb solder joints on Cu pipes, and in "lead-free" brass fixtures. This work may provide guidance from a chemical and materials science perspective to municipal water systems to assist in lowering lead levels in drinking water. The research team of chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists at the Materials Research Center at the University of Missouri at Rolla will provide interdisciplinary training for graduate students and postdoctoral associates.
这是无机、生物无机和有机金属化学项目的SGER奖,授予密苏里大学罗拉分校的Jay Switzer教授和Eric W. Bohannan教授,以支持从材料科学和电化学的角度研究涉及饮用水中铅的当前紧急公共卫生问题。在常用的水消毒剂、次氯酸盐和氯胺存在的情况下,测定铅和铜管内部PbO2、PbO、CuO和Cu2O等氧化膜的形成和溶解的钝化作用。实际铅服务线内部的氧化物将通过薄膜生长和溶解的电化学研究进行定量分析和建模。位于俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的美国环境保护署供水和水资源司的迈克尔·肖克博士将为受影响的水区提供管道。利用x射线衍射(XRD)对金属管材上完整的氧化膜进行分析,通过Rietveld分析确定相、晶体取向、晶粒尺寸和应变。将使用横截面透射电子显微镜(TEM)来确定薄膜的横截面组成和晶粒尺寸。由于铅的柔软性,将采用聚焦离子束技术制备薄截面。模型系统还将通过标准的电化学技术进行研究,例如循环伏安法和电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM),以跟踪各种水化学中氧化膜的生长和溶解。将在EQCM电极上沉积正方和正方pbo2薄膜,然后研究薄膜在次氯酸盐、氯胺、碳酸盐、正磷酸盐和其他已知存在于城市饮用水中的物质存在下的溶解。将通过在Au或Pt EQCM电极上沉积Pb层来生长薄膜,以确定次氯酸盐和氯胺是否可以将表面氧化成PbO2。这些薄膜将通过掠角XRD和可能的XPS进行分析,以验证薄膜的形成。虽然重点是确定饮用水中铅含量升高的原因,但铜管溶解的问题也将进行研究。这些问题可能是相关的,因为Cu与Pb接触可能导致电偶反应,Cu被氧化(和溶解),PbO2钝化层被减少。这种电反应可能发生在铅和铜管的连接处、铜管上的铅焊点和“无铅”黄铜固定装置上。这项工作可以从化学和材料科学的角度为市政供水系统提供指导,以帮助降低饮用水中的铅含量。密苏里大学罗拉分校材料研究中心的化学家、化学工程师和材料科学家组成的研究团队将为研究生和博士后提供跨学科培训。

项目成果

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Jay Switzer其他文献

Jay Switzer的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jay Switzer', 18)}}的其他基金

MRI: Acquisition of an Electron-beam Lithography System for Nanofabrication and Nanoscience Research and Education
MRI:购买电子束光刻系统用于纳米制造和纳米科学研究与教育
  • 批准号:
    1531980
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Resistance switching in electrodeposited metal oxide thin films and superlattices
电沉积金属氧化物薄膜和超晶格中的电阻切换
  • 批准号:
    1104801
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Chiral Metal Oxide Films
手性金属氧化物薄膜的外延电沉积
  • 批准号:
    0504715
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Nanophase Inorganic Materials Chemistry
纳米相无机材料化学
  • 批准号:
    0243424
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Metal Oxide Semiconductors
金属氧化物半导体的外延电沉积
  • 批准号:
    0071365
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Acquisition of a High-Resolution X-ray Diffractometer for Characterization of Epitaxial Films
获取用于表征外延膜的高分辨率 X 射线衍射仪
  • 批准号:
    0076338
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Nanophase Inorganic Materials Chemistry
纳米相无机材料化学
  • 批准号:
    9816484
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Acquisition of a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope for Nanophase Materials Characterization
获取用于纳米相材料表征的场发射扫描电子显微镜
  • 批准号:
    9704288
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Electrodeposited Ceramic Superlattices
电沉积陶瓷超晶格
  • 批准号:
    9202872
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Electrodeposited Ceramic Superlattices
电沉积陶瓷超晶格
  • 批准号:
    9020026
  • 财政年份:
    1990
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

相似海外基金

Life Unleaded: measuring the impact of lead reduction in water supplies
无铅生活:测量供水中铅含量减少的影响
  • 批准号:
    2117499
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Neurocognitive and social changes associated with unleaded petrol sniffing and abstinence from further sniffing
与嗅无铅汽油和戒除进一步嗅相关的神经认知和社会变化
  • 批准号:
    nhmrc : 383507
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    NHMRC Project Grants
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