A Global Plankton Database: An Inventory and Data From the Former Soviet Union Expeditions

全球浮游生物数据库：前苏联考察的清单和数据谢尔盖·皮昂科夫斯基教授（石溪大学海洋科学研究中心）总建议费用：324,689美元。项目时间：01/15/05-01/14/07。处理海洋问题的核心国际项目强调，迫切需要关于气候变化对物种多样性的影响以及为处理这种影响而开展的努力的资料。为了评估这种影响，需要一个全球历史浮游生物群落组成数据库。拟议研究的目的是建立一个浮游生物数据库，其中包括前苏联海洋考察期间取样的22 000多个监测站。该数据库将包含对大西洋的22次考察和对大西洋封闭海域的30多次考察，包括在地中海、黑海、里海、咸海和印度洋进行的30多年采样。目前，由于缺乏适当的数据库，对这些地区浮游动物群落的年际气候相关变率缺乏了解。北大西洋涛动（NAO）是北美东部、北大西洋和欧洲的主要大气波动模式。因此，需要通过数据综合解决的问题之一是评价这些地区的物种丰度和物种多样性在NAO方面的年际格局。这项拟议活动的智力价值在于，有史以来第一次，一个以科学界以前无法获得的浮游生物种群数据为基础的通用浮游生物数据库将在网络和光盘上随时可用。根据创建的数据库，项目小组还将研究NAO在沿NAO影响的纬向排列（从大西洋西侧到大西洋东侧，并通过地中海盆地的封闭海域到阿拉伯海）的主要浮游动物物种丰度年际变化中的生态作用。就更广泛的影响而言，汇编的数据将被添加到世界海洋数据库，该数据库目前没有覆盖这些关键区域。对浮游植物和浮游动物的详细分类分析将构成该数据库的主要部分，这将对未来全球范围内的生物多样性研究大有裨益。该数据库将提供30年来收集的独特数据，从而促进海洋科学的教学。石溪大学（SBU）和南海生物研究所之间的科学合作将有助于美国-乌克兰经济合作协定的实施阶段，该协定也涉及科学合作问题。通过来自不同机构的研究生和顾问的参与，该项目拓宽了SBU的研究和教育基础设施。它为研究生和研究人员提供工资支持和/或研究机会。

A GLOBAL PLANKTON DATABASE: AN INVENTORY AND DATA FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION EXPEDITIONS Prof. Sergey Piontkovski (Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University) Total Proposed Cost: $324,689. Project duration: 01/15/05-01/14/07.Core international projects dealing with the ocean have emphasized an urgent need for information on the impact of climate change on species diversity and on the development of efforts to deal with this impact. In order to assess this impact, a global database of historical plankton community composition is needed. The objective of the proposed study is to develop a plankton database of over 22,000 stations sampled during the Former Soviet Union (FSU) oceanographic expeditions. This database will contain 22 expeditions to the Atlantic Ocean and over 30 expeditions to the enclosed seas of the Atlantic Ocean, including over 30 years of sampling in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and the Indian Ocean. At present, there is a lack of knowledge on the interannual climate-related variability of zooplankton communities of these regions due to the absence of appropriate databases. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant mode of atmospheric fluctuations over eastern North America, the northern Atlantic Ocean and Europe. Therefore, one of the issues that need to be addressed through data synthesis is the evaluation of interannual patterns in species abundance and species diversity over these regions in regard to the NAO. The intellectual merit of this proposed activity is that for the first time ever a universal plankton database, based on FSU data previously unavailable to the scientific community, will be made readily available on the web and on compact disks. From the database created, the project team will also investigate the ecological role of the NAO in interannual variations of the abundance of key zooplankton species along the zonal array of the NAO influence (from the western side of the Atlantic Ocean to its eastern side, and through the enclosed seas of the Mediterranean basin to the Arabian Sea). In terms of the broader impacts, the data compiled will be added to the World Ocean Database, which currently has no coverage in these key regions. Future research on biodiversity on the global scale may be expected to benefit greatly from the detailed taxonomic analyses of phytoplankton and zooplankton that will comprise a major portion of the database. This database will advance the teaching of marine sciences by making available unique data collected over the 30 years. Scientific cooperation between the Stony Brook University (SBU) and the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas would contribute to the implementation phase of the US-Ukraine Economic Cooperation Agreement, which deals with scientific cooperation issues as well. Through the involvement of graduate students and consultants from various institutions, the project broadens the SBU infrastructure for research and education. It provides salary support and/or research opportunities for graduate students and research faculty.