Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: Continuity and Change in Household Life at Classic Period Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico

博士论文研究改进补助金：古典时期家庭生活的连续性和变化墨西哥尤卡坦半岛春丘克米尔

• 批准号: 0440640
• 负责人: E. Wyllys Andrews
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-10-15 至 2006-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0440640&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Improvement; Grant

Under the supervision of Wyllys Andrews V, Aline Magnoni will analyze archaeological data collected at the ancient Maya site of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico. Chunchucmil reached its maximum extent from A.D. 400-700, when a dense settlement of monumental architecture, residential groups enclosed by boundary walls, and streets facilitating traffic in the crowded urban environment extended over an area of ca. 25 km2. This urban center became one of the largest cities in the Maya region and functioned as a commercial and redistribution center for a few centuries. During the 8th century, probably because of changes in trade routes, depopulation began at Chunchucmil and in the following two centuries occupation was extremely limited and resulted in a drastic modification of the settlement patterns at the site. This research takes as the unit of analysis the houselot-the space where household members participated in activities related to reproduction, production, distribution and transmission. Despite the fact that households vary in size, form and function in the ethnographic record, their ubiquitousness in past and present societies across the world renders them a powerful analytical tool for the cross-cultural elucidation of economic and social processes. Since households are the result of adaptive domestic strategies to meet the needs of its members, they are measurable socioeconomic units of the larger community. At Chunchucmil domestic groups were incorporated in considerably different urban contexts through time and this diachronic study will characterize the evolution of Chunchucmil's domestic life during the Classic period (A.D. 300-1000), by using several complimentary lines of evidence, namely the architectural, artifactual and soil chemical spatial patterning in houselots as well as the integration of the houselots in their contemporaneous settlement and built environment. Since domestic units are the basic units of society, this study attempts to evaluate changes occurring at the household as well as site level through time, as major modifications in the architectural arrangement and the use of space at the domestic level, and transformations of the settlement size, density, and configuration took place during the Classic period. Finally, knowledge obtained from these investigations has been and will continue to be shared with the local Yucatec Maya communities that live around the archaeological site. Tours of the site and specifically of the excavated residential groups have been provided to adults and school children over the years and will continue to be offered. Posters and reports featuring this research will be made and distributed among the surrounding communities. Some posters, reports and a video, presenting earlier portions of this research, have already been given to the villages' authorities and schools. The results of this investigation will also be shared with the scientific community through presentations at annual archaeological and anthropological meetings and publication in academic journals. The creation of a website featuring the results of this research as well as investigations conducted by other researchers at Chunchucmil is currently underway. Moreover, undergraduate students from a variety of universities (US, Europe, and Mexico) have been trained over several field seasons at Chunchucmil in archaeological field methods and research.

在威利斯·安德鲁斯五世的监督下，阿琳·马格诺尼将分析在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛春楚密尔古玛雅遗址收集的考古数据。春楚密在公元400-700年间达到了鼎盛时期，当时密集的纪念性建筑、被边界墙包围的居民区和便于交通的街道在拥挤的城市环境中延伸了大约25平方公里。这个城市中心成为玛雅地区最大的城市之一，几个世纪以来一直是商业和再分配中心。在8世纪，可能是由于贸易路线的变化，春春密的人口开始减少，在接下来的两个世纪里，占领非常有限，导致该地区的定居模式发生了剧烈的变化。本研究以家庭为分析单位，即家庭成员参与再生产、分配和传播等活动的空间。尽管在民族志记录中，家庭在规模、形式和功能上各不相同，但它们在世界各地过去和现在的社会中无处不在，使它们成为经济和社会过程跨文化阐释的有力分析工具。由于家庭是满足其成员需要的适应性家庭战略的结果，因此它们是更大社区中可衡量的社会经济单位。随着时间的推移，春楚密的家庭群体被纳入了相当不同的城市背景中，这项历时性研究将通过使用几条互补的证据，即房屋中的建筑、人工和土壤化学空间模式，以及房屋在同期定居和建筑环境中的整合，来描述古典时期（公元300-1000年）春楚密家庭生活的演变。由于家庭单位是社会的基本单位，本研究试图评估家庭和场地层面随时间的变化，因为在古典时期，住宅层面的建筑安排和空间利用发生了重大变化，聚落规模、密度和配置发生了转变。最后，从这些调查中获得的知识已经并将继续与居住在考古遗址周围的当地尤卡泰克玛雅社区分享。多年来，我们一直向成人和学童提供参观该遗址，特别是发掘出的居住群体的机会，并将继续提供这种机会。将制作以这项研究为特色的海报和报告，并在周围社区分发。一些展示这项研究早期部分的海报、报告和视频已经分发给了村庄当局和学校。这项调查的结果也将通过在年度考古和人类学会议上的报告以及在学术期刊上的出版物与科学界分享。目前正在建立一个网站，展示这项研究的结果以及春初研究所其他研究人员的调查结果。此外，来自不同大学（美国、欧洲和墨西哥）的本科生在春春寺接受了几个实地季节的考古实地方法和研究培训。