Dissertation Research: A Settlement Pattern Survey of Prehistoric and Historic Sites in the Izalco Region of Western El Salvador

在E·威利斯·安德鲁斯博士的指导下，凯瑟琳·桑佩克女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将在萨尔瓦多西部的里约塞尼扎山谷地区进行考古研究。该地区在考古上几乎是未知的，尽管它在殖民经济中的重要性导致了大量的文献记载。桑佩克女士将考察该地区的晚期征服和早期征服历史。在西班牙人到来之前，该地区是中美洲东南部最强大的地区性州之一的中心。这种“Izalco管道政体”的权力和繁荣很可能是因为它在可可贸易中的突出地位，可可在前西班牙经济中作为一种货币发挥作用。皮皮尔人可能不仅为当地使用，也为更广泛的市场生产。随着该地区并入西班牙帝国，伊扎尔科被推入全球经济。随着当地居民转向为世界市场种植蓝宝石，农业系统发生了巨大的变化。Sampek女士希望研究伴随这一转变而来的社会变化。为了实现这一目标，她将对该地区进行广泛的调查，并收集表面材料。随后将进行精选的挖掘工作。将对收集的陶瓷、石器和其他文化材料进行分析，以重建社会组织和随时间发生的变化。小规模的社会对当地和全球的压力都做出了反应，考古学家提出了几种方法，让群体可以对这种经常相互冲突的需求做出反应。伊扎尔科地区提供了一个研究这一问题的绝佳环境，因为考古和人种学数据记录了从严格意义上的地方社会和经济向迅速融入更广阔世界的转变。这项研究将为中美主义考古学家提供感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Andrews Under the direction of Dr. E. Wyllys Andrews, Ms. Kathryn Sampeck will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will conduct archaeological research in the Rio Ceniza Valley region in Western El Salvador. The zone is virtually unknown archaeologically, although its colonial economic importance resulted in a great deal of documentation. Ms. Sampeck will examine the late preconquest and early conquest history of the region. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was the center of one of the most powerful regional states in southeastern Mesoamerica. The power and prosperity of this "Izalco Pipil polity" was likely due to its prominence in the cacao trade, with cacao functioning as a kind of money in pre- Hispanic economy. The Pippil were probably producing not only for local use but for a broader market. With the incorporation of the region into the Spanish empire, Izalco was propelled into the global economy. The agricultural system was drastically altered as local inhabitants shifted to the cultivation of indigo for a world market. Ms. Sampeck wishes to examine the social changes which accompanied this shift. To accomplish this she will conduct an extensive survey of the region and collect surface material. This will be followed by selected excavations. The ceramic, lithic and other cultural materials collected will be analyzed to allow reconstruction of social organization and changes which occurred over time. Small scale societies respond to both local and global pressures and archaeologists have suggested several ways in which groups may respond to such often conflicting demands. The Izalco region provides an excellent situation within which to examine this issue because archaeological and ethnographic data document the transformation from a strictly local society and economy to one which is rapidly enmeshed in a much broader world. The research will provide data of interest to Middle Americanist archaeologists and assist in the trainin g of a promising young scientist.