Forager-Farmer Encounters in the Balkans: Spatial Distribution of the Lepenski Vir Culture

巴尔干地区采集者与农民的相遇：莱彭斯基维尔文化的空间分布

• 批准号: 0442096
• 负责人: T. Douglas Price
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-11-15 至 2005-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0442096&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Forager; Farmer; Encounters; Balkans; Spatial

In the Fall of 2004, with the support provided by the National Science Foundation, an international team of archaeologists, geologists and speleologists under the supervision of Dr. Dusan Boric will conduct research in the Danube Gorges region of the north-central Balkans, in present-day Serbia. The project examines the nature of culture contact and exchange in the transition to agriculture in south-eastern Europe, which remains one of the central questions of European Prehistory. The exploratory research to be conducted in this region focuses on an unexplored area between Mesolithic foraging groups found along the Danube banks and more inland Early Neolithic farming settlements in the surrounding regions of the Balkans.After the initial discovery of a very rich archaeological sequence of Mesolithic settlements along the Danube banks in the Iron Gates/Danube Gorges region in 1965 and their subsequent rescue excavations in the late 1960s and early 1970s, no field-work has been conducted in this area. On the basis of the material culture found at extensively excavated Mesolithic/foraging sites on the Danube, there is evidence of significant diffusion of Early Neolithic pottery and other portable items characterizing the Early Neolithic/farming communities with the staring date of around 6300 BC. These data speak to the contact and exchange between two different culture groups. However, very little is known about the nature of this contact between foragers and farmers since the area of the Danube Gorges hinterlands, away from the Danube banks and the region beyond the cliffs of the gorges, remains archaeologically unexplored. Consequently, the current project seeks to conduct an archaeological survey and explore the area between foraging and farming settlements. The survey area encompasses the karstic landscape of the Miroc Mountain Plateau in Serbia that is characterized by numerous caves and rockshelters, which are the primary targets.Research strategy is designed to proceed in three phases: 1) to survey the existing caves and rockshelters in order to provide a 'short-list' of the most promising among the existing sites for an archaeological exploration; 2) to core sediments of six caves/rockshelters in order to determine their stratigraphies and the nature of sedimentation in them; and 3) to excavate test pits in two caves that provide the most promising stratigraphies of Mesolithic-Neolithic periods.The project has the potential to provide vital new data that would make a significant impact on the current discussion with regard to the transition to farming in southeastern Europe. On the theoretical level the project will provide the possibility to examine some of the central questions of archaeological and anthropological theory, namely the questions of culture identity, contact and exchange between different populations and cultural phenomena.On a broader level this research project will bring together professors and students from the host country (Serbia) and international researchers, and provide the Serbian university students with the opportunity to learn and train with archaeologists who were trained at USA and UK universities.

2004年秋季，在国家科学基金会的支持下，一个由考古学家、地质学家和洞穴学家组成的国际小组将在Dusan Boric博士的监督下，在巴尔干半岛中北部的多瑙河峡谷地区，即今天的塞尔维亚进行研究。该项目研究东南欧向农业过渡过程中文化接触和交流的性质，这仍然是欧洲史前史的核心问题之一。在这一地区进行的探索性研究主要集中在多瑙河沿岸沿着发现的中石器时代觅食群体和巴尔干周边地区更内陆的早期新石器时代农业定居点之间的一个未开发区域。在最初发现了非常丰富的中石器时代定居点考古序列后，沿着多瑙河沿岸的铁门/1965年在多瑙河峡谷地区进行的考古发掘以及20世纪60年代末和70年代初的抢救性发掘，在这一地区没有进行过实地考察。根据在多瑙河上广泛挖掘的中石器时代/觅食地点发现的物质文化，有证据表明新石器时代早期陶器和其他便携式物品的显著扩散，这些物品是新石器时代早期/农业社区的特征，起始日期约为公元前6300年。这些数据说明了两个不同文化群体之间的接触和交流。然而，人们对采集者和农民之间这种接触的性质知之甚少，因为多瑙河峡谷的沼泽地，远离多瑙河两岸和峡谷悬崖以外的地区，仍然没有考古学探索。 因此，目前的项目旨在进行考古调查，探索觅食和农耕定居点之间的地区。调查区域包括塞尔维亚米罗克山高原的岩溶景观，其主要目标是众多的洞穴和岩棚。研究策略设计分为三个阶段：1）调查现有的洞穴和岩棚，以便提供现有遗址中最有希望进行考古勘探的“短名单”; 2）对六个洞穴/岩石掩蔽物的沉积物进行岩心采集，以确定它们的地层和沉积物的性质; 3）在两个洞穴中挖掘测试坑，提供最有希望的中石器时代地层-该项目有可能提供至关重要的新数据，对目前关于新石器时代的讨论产生重大影响。东南欧向农业的过渡。在理论层面上，该项目将提供研究考古学和人类学理论的一些核心问题的可能性，即文化认同、不同人群之间的接触和交流以及文化现象的问题，在更广泛的层面上，该研究项目将汇集东道国（塞尔维亚）的教授和学生以及国际研究人员，并为塞尔维亚大学生提供与在美国和英国大学接受培训的考古学家一起学习和培训的机会。