Coll. Res.: A Geophysical Transect Across the Arctic Ocean: Multi-Channel Seismic Reflection and Seismic Refraction data Acquisition on the USCG Icebreaker Healy, Summer 2005

该提案是由阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学、德克萨斯州农工大学和卑尔根大学的主要研究人员合作提出的。海洋科学司将为北冰洋未来的选址调查提供资金。在过去的几年里，通过飞机、破冰船和潜艇获取的新数据，北冰洋已经被揭示出来。这些数据已汇编成公开可用的测深、重力和磁数据网格，提供基本的区域描述。这种巨大的国际投资源于人们普遍认识到，从古气候和古海洋学问题到基本板块构造，地球科学的基本问题都可以在那里得到解答。为了揭示北冰洋的历史，加深对北冰洋演化的认识，有必要利用多道地震反射数据（MCS）对北冰洋脊构造和中、新生代沉积进行成像，利用地震折射数据对北冰洋深部地壳进行成像。该项目提出了一个高分辨率MCS和地震折射数据采集计划，将于2005年夏天在Healy上沿着北极盆地的样带进行，采用北极适应MCS系统（200-300米拖缆）和声纳浮标，从阿拉斯加巴罗角开始，到挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛附近结束。该样带将穿过楚科奇边境线、鹦鹉螺盆地、门捷列夫海岭、阿尔法海岭、马卡罗夫盆地、罗蒙诺索夫海岭和加克尔海岭。这些新数据将确定将盆地细分的山脊和高原的内部结构，并将首次建立中间盆地的地层学。这种构造的知识是检验关于盆地和脊的历史以及亚美亚盆地板块边界的类型和位置的假设所必需的。其目标超越了对北极的局部理解，直接关系到对中生代全球板块构造回路的理解。国家和国际合作——一个由美国、瑞典和挪威调查人员组成的小组将于2005年夏天进行一次主要的穿越北极盆地的考察。瑞典破冰船奥登号将经过该盆地，再现1994年收集的海洋学部分。USCG Healy将支持固体地球和取心应用，并将在大约一半的探险时间内自主操作，与奥登在阿尔法山脊的侧翼会合，然后一起离开盆地。该项目将从挪威石油理事会获得大量资金。在联合项目中，Healy将收集前所未有的综合地球物理数据集，包括多波束带测深和侧面扫描、海底剖面、多通道地震反射和地震折射数据。更广泛的影响-这项研究的重点将放在北冰洋的结构和地层学上，但这些数据将有超出工作范围的用途，因为从希利收集的综合数据集将成为北冰洋现场调查数据库的开始。因此，2004年夏天，北极地区第一次专门的科学钻探将在罗蒙诺索夫海岭进行。这些新数据的收集将建立在明年夏天计划的工作基础上，为未来在北冰洋的科学钻探作业做准备，并大大增加北极研究的国际合作。许多来自美国和欧洲的学生将参加这次巡游。

This proposal is a collaborative proposal from Principal Investigators at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Texas A & M, and University of Bergen. The Division of Ocean Sciences will contribute funding for future site selection surveys in the Arctic Ocean. Over the past few years, the Arctic Ocean has been revealed through the acquisition of new data by airplanes, icebreakers, and submarines. These data have been compiled into publicly available grids of bathymetry, gravity, and magnetic data that provide a basic regional description. This enormous international investment stems from the wide recognition that fundamental problems in the Earth Sciences, from paleoclimate and paleoceanographic issues to basic plate tectonics can be answered there. To unravel the region's history and gain a deeper understanding of the Arctic Ocean's evolution, it is necessary to image ridge structures and the accumulated Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments with multi-channel seismic reflection data (MCS) and the deeper crust with seismic refraction data. Intellectual Merit - This project presents a program of high resolution MCS and seismic refraction data acquisition to be conducted along a transect across the Arctic basin during the summer of 2005 on the Healy with an Arctic adapted MCS system (200-300 meter streamer) and sonobuoys starting from Point Barrow, Alaska and ending near Svalbard, Norway. The transect will cross the Chukchi Borderland, the Nautilus Basin, the Mendeleev Ridge, the Alpha Ridge, the Makarov Basin, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the Gakkel Ridge. These new data will determine the internal structure of the ridges and plateaus that subdivide the basin, and will establish for the first time the stratigraphy of the intervening basins. Knowledge of this structure is required to test hypotheses regarding the of the basin and ridge history and the type and location of plate boundaries in the Amerasian Basin. The objectives go beyond a local understanding of the Arctic and bear directly on understanding the global plate tectonic circuit for the Mesozoic.National and International Cooperation - A group of U.S, Swedish, and Norwegian investigators will make major a cross-Arctic basin expedition in the summer, 2005. The Swedish icebreaker Oden will transit the basin, reproducing an oceanographic section collected in 1994. The USCG Healy will support solid earth and coring applications and will operate autonomously for about half of the expedition, meeting with Oden on the flanks of the Alpha Ridge to transit in tandem out of the basin. The project will receive substantial funding from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. During the combined programs, Healy will collect an unprecedented, integrated geophysical data set consisting of multi-beam swath bathymetry and sidescan, sub-bottom profiler, multi-channel seismic reflection and seismic refraction data.Broader Impacts - The focus of this research will be on the structure and stratigraphy of the Arctic Ocean, but the data will have uses beyond the work because an integrated data set collected from Healy will be the beginning of a site survey database for the Arctic Ocean. Thus, the first dedicated scientific drilling in the Arctic will take place on the Lomonosov Ridge during the summer of 2004. Collection of these new data will build on the efforts planned next summer, prepare for future scientific drilling operations in the Arctic Ocean and substantially increase international cooperation in Arctic Research. A number of students from both the US and Europe will participate in this cruise.