Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Social and Spatial Organization in the Southern Rocky Mountains

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Nicole Waguespack、Todd Surovell和Marcel Kornfeld将通过人工制品的空间结构和遗址特征来研究晚更新世的社会组织和福尔松民族之间的经济关系。将对Barger Gulch， B地区（5GA195）的Folsom矿床进行两个季节的考古发掘、地下侦察和空间分析。本研究将集中在三个主要问题上：通过人工制品空间聚类的分布和内容来识别场地结构和组织；侦测地盘使用者之间是否存在经济关系及经济关系的程度；记录不同场地区域内部和之间的行为的空间和技术组织以确定技术组织的维度。对巴格峡谷遗址进行详细的空间调查，将为福尔索姆为数不多的住宅遗址之一提供深入的见解，采用严格的挖掘和分析方法，并有助于完善和发展适用于对过去人类行为的考古解释的空间分析技术。拟议的研究还将提供一个有价值的数据集，用于将来对古印第安遗址/社会组织的比较研究，并有助于研究过去和现在狩猎采集者社会经济多样性的更大问题。该项目旨在探索福尔松社会组织的问题，既补充又扩展了目前对福尔松生活方式的解释。在民族志和考古背景下，空间数据已被证明是辨别觅食者社会和经济关系的有价值的组成部分。对巴格峡谷空间趋势的详细分析和记录为研究史前狩猎采集行为的社会背景提供了一个独特的机会。Barger Gulch遗址位于科罗拉多州中部公园的山间盆地，其中包含的沉积物记录了10,500年前狩猎采集者居住地点的行为多样性。先前的考古调查已经确定，该遗址的大部分地区仍然完好无损，文化材料的空间完整性得到了保存。目标包括将挖掘面积扩大到至少110平方米，进行磁力计调查，并对文化材料和特征进行空间分析。挖掘将集中于创建一个大的水平曝光来检测人工制品集群和特征。该项目的实验室阶段将包括对碎石和动物群的详细研究。巴格峡谷的挖掘和实验室工作将为学生提供培训和就业机会，使他们掌握现代考古领域的方法、石器分析和调查技术。各业余考古及历史学会的成员获邀参观及参与实地考察，以提高市民对考古研究的认识和了解。该项目的所有文化资料和数据将可供其他研究人员访问，该项目的数据将用于论文和学位论文研究。

Through National Science Foundation support, Drs. Nicole Waguespack, Todd Surovell, and Marcel Kornfeld will investigate late Pleistocene social organization and economic relationships among Folsom peoples as expressed through the spatial configuration of artifacts and site features. Two field seasons of archaeological excavation, subsurface reconnaissance, and spatial analysis of the Folsom deposits at Barger Gulch, Locality B (5GA195) will be completed. This research will focus on three primary issues: identifying site structure and organization through the distribution and content of spatial clustering among artifacts; detecting the presence and extent of economic relationships between site occupants; and documenting the spatial and technological organization of behaviors within and between different site areas in order to identify dimensions of technological organization. Detailed spatial investigation of the Barger Gulch site will provide insight into one, of very few, Folsom residential sites employing rigorous methods of excavation and analysis, and contribute to refining and developing spatial analytical techniques applicable to archaeological interpretation of past human behavior. The proposed research will also provide a valuable dataset from which future comparative studies of Paleoindian site/social organization can be made and contribute to larger issues of past and present hunter-gatherer socioeconomic diversity. The project is designed to explore questions of Folsom social organization, both complimenting and expanding upon current interpretations of Folsom lifeways. Spatial data has proved a valuable component for discerning forager social and economic relationships in both ethnographic and archaeological contexts. Detailed analysis and documentation of spatial trends at Barger Gulch provides a unique opportunity to examine the social context of prehistoric hunter-gatherer behavior. The Barger Gulch site, located in an intermontane basin of Middle Park, Colorado, contains deposits which document the diversity of behaviors that occurred at a 10,500 year old hunter-gatherer residential site. Previous archaeological investigations have established that a large area of the site remains intact, and that spatial integrity of cultural materials is preserved. Objectives included expansion of the excavation area to encompass a minimum of 110 m2, magnetometer survey, and spatial analysis of cultural materials and features. Excavation will focus on creating a large horizontal exposure to detect artifact clusters and features. The laboratory phase of the project will involve detailed study of chipped stone and fauna. Excavations and laboratory work at Barger Gulch will provide opportunities to train and provide employment to students in modern archaeological field methods, lithic analysis, and survey techniques. Members of various amateur archaeological and historical societies are invited to visit and participate in fieldwork in order to promote public awareness and understanding of archaeological research. All cultural material and data from the project will be accessible to additional researchers, and data from the project will be made available for thesis and dissertation research.