Viral Abundance, Production and Diversity During the North Atlantic Spring Bloom (NASB 2005)

北大西洋春季开花期间的病毒丰度、产量和多样性（NASB 2005）

• 批准号: 0452409
• 负责人: Steven Wilhelm
• 金额: $ 35.73万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452409&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Viral; Abundance; Production; Diversity; During

During the North Atlantic spring bloom of 2005 (NASB 2005), investigators supported by the NSF and the European Union CarboOcean project will address questions about the impact of pCO2 levels and temperature on algal community structure and biogeochemistry. Although phytoplankton vary greatly during the North Atlantic spring bloom, no quantitative information is available on the interactions between this community and native viral populations. The investigators will join the NASB 2005 effort and will 1) examine viral abundance, production and diversity in shipboard experiments, and 2) quantify cyanophage and a major group of viruses infecting eukaryotic algae (the Phycodnaviridae) during transects through waters dominated by cyanobacteria or eukaryotic phytoplankton. The information collected during this study will be critical to understanding the role of viruses during the NASB 2005 event. The investigators will also examine the influence of changes in system trophic status and diversity on changes in virus abundance, production and diversity. They will work with NASB 2005 collaborators to determine how changes in pCO2 and temperature (based on predicted conditions in the year 2100) will impact virus parameters. Their working hypotheses are that viral abundance, production and diversity will vary with system trophic status, with phytoplankton population diversity, and during simulated global climate change conditions. To test these hypotheses, quantitative PCR will be combined with a dilution approach to estimating virus abundance and production, with TEM analysis of samples collected from study sites and with high throughput sequencing of cyanophage and Phycodnaviridae specific targets. The resulting information will provide insight into virus diversity and activity in the region as well as supply the viral component of the microbial food web to models generated for the NASB 2005 project. This project will include the training of graduate and undergraduate research assistants as well as the facilitation of outreach and diversification at an EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research) institution. Three graduate and four undergraduate students will be supported, and information from this program will be directly incorporated into courses, outreach events and web dissemination at the University of Tennessee. In recent years it has become increasingly evident that viruses play an important role in structuring the aquatic biological community, and in aquatic biogeochemical cycles. This project will examine the role of viruses during a field experiment designed to simulate the possible effects of a predicted long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 levels that would affect ocean chemistry. The field experiment (NASB 2005) uses the North Atlantic spring bloom of phytoplankton as a proxy for the longer-term changes that would result from CO2 increases. This project will provide essential information to the NASB 2005 project to determine how communities in the North Atlantic may react to the predicted changes in climate that may occur during the coming century.

在2005年北大西洋春季水华期间（NASB 2005），由NSF和欧盟CarboOcean项目支持的调查人员将解决pCO2水平和温度对藻类群落结构和藻类地球化学的影响问题。 虽然浮游植物在北大西洋春季水华期间变化很大，但没有关于该群落与本地病毒种群之间相互作用的定量信息。研究人员将参加NASB 2005年的工作，并将1）检查病毒的丰度，生产和多样性在船上的实验，和2）量化噬藻体和一个主要群体的病毒感染真核藻类（藻DNA病毒科）在横断面通过沃茨占主导地位的蓝藻或真核浮游植物。本研究期间收集的信息对于理解病毒在NASB 2005事件中的作用至关重要。研究人员还将研究系统营养状态和多样性变化对病毒丰度、生产和多样性变化的影响。他们将与NASB 2005合作者一起确定pCO2和温度的变化（基于2100年的预测条件）将如何影响病毒参数。 他们的工作假设是，病毒丰度，生产和多样性将随着系统营养状态，浮游植物种群多样性和模拟全球气候变化条件而变化。为了检验这些假设，定量PCR将与稀释方法相结合，以估计病毒丰度和产量，从研究地点收集的样品进行TEM分析，并对噬藻体和藻DNA病毒科特异性靶标进行高通量测序。由此产生的信息将提供深入了解病毒的多样性和活动在该地区，以及供应的微生物食物网的病毒成分为NASB 2005年项目生成的模型。 该项目将包括培训研究生和本科生研究助理，以及促进EPSCoR（刺激竞争研究的实验方案）机构的外联和多样化。将支持三名研究生和四名本科生，该计划的信息将直接纳入田纳西大学的课程、外展活动和网络传播中。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，病毒在构建水生生物群落和水生生态地球化学循环中起着重要作用。 该项目将在一项实地实验中研究病毒的作用，该实验旨在模拟大气中二氧化碳水平预计长期增加可能对海洋化学产生的影响。 实地实验（NASB，2005年）使用北大西洋春季浮游植物大量繁殖作为CO2增加导致的长期变化的替代。 该项目将为NASB 2005年项目提供基本信息，以确定北大西洋社区如何对下一个世纪可能发生的预测气候变化作出反应。