Lidar Sensors and Cyberinfrastructure for Arctic Atmospheric Research

研究人员将实施一项为期五年的研究计划，利用最先进的设备和基于互联网的新型数据传输系统，为北极开发激光雷达传感器，以推动北极大气科学的进步。特别是，激光雷达的开发将涉及灵敏的光子计数探测器，包括一个新的红外光子探测器，一个独特的双极化激光发射器，以及新的计时方案，可以在5至90公里的高度进行瑞利-米拉曼(RMR)测量。对RMR激光雷达测量的分析将提供从北极对流层到中间层的温度和气溶胶后向散射强度、消光、形状和大小的独特垂直剖面，垂直分辨率为数十米，时间分辨率为数十分钟。这些观测将适用于极地平流层云、气溶胶和冬季北极平流层垂直热结构的研究。远程操作将允许更多的事件驱动的操作，例如在平流层变暖事件期间，以及一般而言，更多的观测机会。数据传输系统的最终目标将是使激光雷达系统能够从远程位置访问，并为开发完全自主的激光雷达系统铺平道路。这种能力将为在基础设施有限的偏远北极地区部署激光雷达提供更大的机会。这些观测将有助于建立一个温度和气溶胶测量的分布式网络，以支持平流层变化探测网络。该项目将涉及一名研究生，他将接受激光雷达技术和平流层动力学方面的培训，获得的数据将迅速广泛传播，供其他研究人员使用。这些测量和科学成果不仅将有助于全社区的问题，而且还将有助于校准和验证目前和未来的航天器飞行任务，这些飞行任务旨在观测中层大气温度和气溶胶。

The investigators will conduct a five-year research program to develop a lidar sensor for the Arctic using state-of-the-art devices and a novel Internet-based data transport system to enable advancements in arctic atmospheric science. In particular, the lidar development will involve sensitive photon-counting detectors including a new infrared photon detector, a unique dual-polarized laser transmitter, and novel timing schemes to make Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) measurements from 5 to 90 km in altitude. Analysis of the RMR lidar measurements will provide unique vertical profiles of temperature and aerosol backscatter strength, extinction, shape and size from the arctic troposphere through the mesosphere with a vertical resolution of tens of meters and a temporal resolution of tens of minutes. These observations will be applicable to studies of polar stratospheric clouds, aerosols, and the vertical thermal structure of the winter arctic stratosphere. Remote operations will allow more event-driven operations, such as during stratospheric warming events, and, in general, more observing opportunities. The ultimate objective of the data transport system will be to make the lidar system accessible from remote locations and pave the way for the development of fully autonomous lidar systems. This capability would provide greater opportunity for lidar deployments in remote arctic locations with limited infrastructure. The observations will contribute to a distributed network of temperatures and aerosol measurements to support the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change. The project will involve a graduate student, who will be trained in lidar technologies and stratospheric dynamics, and the data acquired will be rapidly and broadly disseminated for use by other researchers. Not only will the measurements and scientific results contribute to community-wide issues, but they will also be useful for calibration and validation of current and future spacecraft missions designed to observe middle atmosphere temperatures and aerosols.