Experimental Physics Research Program at Columbia University/Nevis

哥伦比亚大学/尼维斯实验物理研究项目

• 批准号: 0500492
• 负责人: Michael Shaevitz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2008-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0500492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Physics; Research; Program; Columbia

The Columbia University Nevis Labs program in particle physics encompasses a broad spectrum of experiments. The program covers activities in 9 major programs: ATLAS, MiniBooNE, D0, Pierre Auger, HiRes, Reactor Experiment, NuTeV, ZEUS, and eBubble. These research programs address six of the nine interrelated questions raised by the recent Quantum Universe report that lays out the path ahead for particle physics. Despite the profound understanding of the fundamental laws and particles achieved in the last 30 years, there remain fundamental unanswered questions about our universe: What is the nature of the universe and its composition? What are matter, energy, space and time? How did we get here and where are we going? How do cosmic accelerators work? If there are new symmetries or physical laws, one must look beyond the Standard Model through precision measurements and at the energy frontier. This research program does that. Supersymmetry may be observed at the Tevatron with D0, and should be observed at the CERN LHC with ATLAS. The mystery of dark energy may be related to the Higgs field, which may be discovered at the LHC. If there are extra dimensions to space, they too may be accessible at the LHC. The research program will also address the question of the nature of fundamental particles, and through precision measurements probe higher energy scales: top quarks (D0, ATLAS), Bs mesons (D0), protons (ZEUS), neutrinos (BooNE, NuTeV, Reactor), and sparticles (ATLAS). Sparticles could yield candidates for dark matter. In the area of neutrino physics, there are many unanswered questions: How many neutrinos are there? Can we measure CP violation now that we know they have mass and oscillate? These are questions to be addressed by MiniBooNE and eventually a Reactor Experiment. As we look back to the early universe, accelerators will be used to understand the electroweak phase transition (ATLAS). At the intersection of particle physics and astronomy, the HiRes and Auger experiments will study the very highest energy particles seen in the universe that are to this day poorly understood. What is the composition of these ultra high energy cosmic rays? What are their sources and how are they accelerated? The Columbia University Nevis Labs groups plan to continue to build on their very successful programs in education and outreach. The goal is to engage the full educational spectrum from high school students, high school teachers, undergraduates and the general public in understanding and doing high energy physics. A primary emphasis of the Columbia programs is to target underrepresented groups to participate in these activities. Although progress has been achieved in increasing the representation of women in physics, much still remains to be done in increasing minority representation. The activities range from individual faculty outreach efforts (lectures, tours, etc) to structured programs like the Research Experience for Undergraduates, Quarknet, and Physics Emasondosondo in South Africa.

哥伦比亚大学尼维斯实验室的粒子物理学项目包括广泛的实验。 该计划涵盖9个主要计划的活动：ATLAS，MiniBooNE，D0，Pierre Auger，HiRes，Reactor Experiment，NuTeV，ZEUS和eBubble。 这些研究项目解决了最近的量子宇宙报告提出的九个相互关联的问题中的六个，该报告为粒子物理学指明了前进的道路。 尽管在过去的30年里，人们对基本定律和粒子有了深刻的理解，但关于我们的宇宙，仍然有一些基本的问题没有得到回答：宇宙的性质及其组成是什么？什么是物质、能量、空间和时间？我们是怎么到这里的，我们要去哪里？宇宙加速器是如何工作的？ 如果有新的对称性或物理定律，人们必须通过精确的测量和能量前沿来超越标准模型。这个研究项目就是这样做的。 超对称性可以用D0在Tevatron上观察到，也应该用ATLAS在CERN LHC上观察到。暗能量之谜可能与希格斯场有关，希格斯场可能在LHC上被发现。 如果空间有额外的维度，它们也可能在LHC中被访问。该研究计划还将解决基本粒子的性质问题，并通过精确测量探测更高的能量尺度：顶夸克（D0，ATLAS），Bs介子（D0），质子（ZEUS），中微子（BooNE，NuTeV，Reactor）和sparticles（ATLAS）。超粒子可能是暗物质的候选者。在中微子物理学领域，有许多未解之谜：有多少中微子？既然我们知道它们有质量并且振荡，我们能测量CP破坏吗？这些问题将由MiniBooNE解决，并最终成为反应堆实验。 当我们回顾早期宇宙时，加速器将用于理解电弱相变（ATLAS）。 在粒子物理学和天文学的交叉点上，HiRes和Auger实验将研究宇宙中看到的能量最高的粒子，这些粒子迄今为止知之甚少。这些超高能宇宙射线的成分是什么？它们的来源是什么，它们是如何加速的？哥伦比亚大学尼维斯实验室小组计划继续建立在他们非常成功的教育和推广计划。目标是让高中生、高中教师、本科生和公众参与到理解和做高能物理的全方位教育中。哥伦比亚方案的一个主要重点是针对代表性不足的群体参加这些活动。虽然在增加妇女在物理学领域的代表性方面取得了进展，但在增加少数群体的代表性方面仍有许多工作要做。活动范围从个别教师外展工作（讲座，图尔斯等），以结构化的方案，如本科生的研究经验，Quarknet和南非的物理Emasondosondo。