Solid-State Reactions of Molecular Crystals

分子晶体的固态反应

• 批准号: 0504000
• 负责人: Bruce Foxman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Brandeis University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0504000&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Solid; State; Reactions; Molecular; Crystals

TECHNICAL EXPLANATION This project will explore natural processes that take place within, or on the surface of, aggregates or molecular crystals. In order to understand these processes, and more importantly, to learn how to control them, the most fruitful approach is to study reactions in crystalline solids. Such reactions also hold considerable promise for the synthetic chemist, since many of them are highly selective, giving products of very high purity that are often not available from solution processes. The proposed research will identify and exploit efficient new, unprecedented reactions that occur in the absence of solvent. Beyond the new materials obtained in the research, reactions in this environmentally-friendly area of "Green Chemistry" promise to require less energy, and produce less waste, than their solution counterparts. Primary instruction in solid-state and materials chemistry (symmetry, crystallography and reactions) is being distributed through sets of interactive PowerPoint courses, one of which is already available on the PI's website. With a view to establishing a firm educational base and stimulation for budding scientists, the approach will be implemented in a secondary school version, covering symmetry and early concepts in solid-state chemistry, in collaboration with local high school teachers. For US scientists to sustain a leadership role in chemistry and materials science in the 21st century, it is critical that the current and coming generations receive the best possible technical instruction. Participants will receive key training in the physical and synthetic aspects of materials and environmentally-benign chemistry, and will have the opportunity to work abroad during their training period through NSF International and Max Planck Research School programs.NON-TECHNICAL EXPLANATIONStudies of solid-state reactions offer exceptional opportunities for the discovery of new classes of materials that undergo stereospecific intermolecular transformations. In these unusual processes, where crystalline metal salts and organic materials are treated with heat, UV or gamma-rays, only one out of several possible chemically distinct isomers is produced. In addition to providing state-of-the-art training for students, studies using X-ray crystallography, full product characterization, isotopic labeling, laser photochemistry and X-ray topography will yield a detailed understanding of the geometrical, physical and chemical mechanisms of intermolecular reactions in solids. Overall, the proposed work, as a contribution to "Green" chemistry, promises to yield new, efficient solventless processes, as well as providing a mechanistic basis for understanding how those processes occur. In addition, an interactive PowerPoint-based course in Space Group Symmetry, a primary area of instruction in solid-state chemistry, is available from the PI's website. The novel learning approaches will be implemented in a secondary school version, covering symmetry and beginning concepts in solid-state chemistry, in collaboration with local high school teachers. For U.S. scientists to sustain a leadership role in chemistry and materials science in the 21st century, it is critical that the current and coming generations receive the best possible technical instruction.

技术解释 该项目将探索发生在聚集体或分子晶体内部或表面的自然过程。 为了理解这些过程，更重要的是，为了学会如何控制它们，最有成效的方法是研究晶体固体中的反应。 这类反应对合成化学家来说也有相当大的希望，因为它们中的许多是高度选择性的，可以得到非常高纯度的产物，而这些产物通常是溶液法所不能得到的。 拟议的研究将确定和利用在没有溶剂的情况下发生的有效的新的、前所未有的反应。 除了在研究中获得的新材料之外，在这个环境友好的“绿色化学”领域的反应承诺需要更少的能源，产生更少的废物，比他们的解决方案。 固态和材料化学（对称性、结晶学和反应）的初级教学正在通过成套互动式PowerPoint课程进行分发，其中一门课程已经在PI的网站上提供。 为了建立一个坚实的教育基础和激励初露头角的科学家，将与当地高中教师合作，在中学版本中实施这一方法，涵盖固态化学中的对称性和早期概念。 美国科学家要想在21世纪的化学和材料科学领域保持领导地位，就必须让当代和后代接受尽可能好的技术指导。 参与者将接受材料和环境友好化学的物理和合成方面的关键培训，并将有机会在培训期间通过NSF International和Max Planck Research School计划在国外工作。非技术解释固态反应的研究为发现经历立体定向分子间转化的新材料类别提供了绝佳的机会。 在这些不寻常的过程中，结晶金属盐和有机材料用热、紫外线或伽马射线处理，只产生几种可能的化学上不同的异构体中的一种。 除了为学生提供最先进的培训外，使用X射线晶体学，完整的产品表征，同位素标记，激光光化学和X射线形貌学的研究将详细了解固体分子间反应的几何，物理和化学机制。 总的来说，拟议的工作，作为对“绿色”化学的贡献，有望产生新的，有效的无溶剂过程，以及提供一个机械的基础，了解这些过程是如何发生的。此外，一个互动的基于PowerPoint的空间群对称性，在固态化学教学的主要领域的课程，可从PI的网站。 新的学习方法将在中学版本中实施，涵盖固态化学中的对称性和开始概念，与当地高中教师合作。 美国科学家要想在21世纪的化学和材料科学领域保持领导地位，就必须让当代和后代接受尽可能好的技术指导。