NER: Fullerene-Microbe Interactions: Implications for Disinfection and Risk Assessment

NER：富勒烯-微生物相互作用：对消毒和风险评估的影响

• 批准号: 0508207
• 负责人: Mark Wiesner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0508207&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NER; Fullerene; Microbe; Interactions; Implications

0508207 Wiesner Understanding the bio-reactivity of fullerenes, which are C60 nano materials, is important because of the many applications for which these nanomaterials are being considered. Fullerenes are known to have a high electron affinity and high reactivity with nucleophiles. They may serve as photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radical anions, and peroxyl species, all of which are highly bio-reactive species. The potential biological effects of fullerenes that could result from these characteristics are not well understood. They may cause a wide variety of toxic effects to various organisms, but they also have the potential to be developed into engineering strategies to control biofouling or disinfect water. This project is studying the chemistry of reactive oxygen production by fullerene-based nanomaterials in the context of assessing the associated effects of fullerenes on bacteria and viruses. Specifically, the investigators are evaluating three hypotheses: (1) that fullerenes can act photocatalytically or through dark reactions to produce reactive oxygen species that inhibit or inactivate microbial growth; (2) that the reactive oxygen species formed from fullerenes hinder heterotrophic and photosynthetic activities and cause population shifts reflecting differential responses and protective mechanisms used by different species; and (3) that oxidative stress of cell membranes through peroxidation and epoxidation of phospholipids is an important mechanism responsible for cell death.

[50,8207] Wiesner富勒烯是一种C60纳米材料，了解其生物反应性非常重要，因为这些纳米材料正在考虑许多应用。富勒烯已知具有高电子亲和性和与亲核试剂的高反应性。它们可以作为光敏剂产生活性氧，如羟基自由基、超氧自由基阴离子和过氧自由基，这些都是高度生物活性的物质。富勒烯的这些特性可能导致的潜在生物学效应尚不清楚。它们可能会对各种生物产生各种各样的毒性作用，但它们也有可能被发展成控制生物污染或消毒水的工程策略。该项目是在评估富勒烯对细菌和病毒的相关影响的背景下，研究富勒烯基纳米材料产生活性氧的化学反应。具体来说，研究人员正在评估三种假设：(1)富勒烯可以光催化或通过暗反应产生活性氧，抑制或灭活微生物的生长；(2)富勒烯形成的活性氧阻碍了异养和光合活动，导致种群迁移，反映了不同物种的不同反应和保护机制；(3)磷脂过氧化和环氧化引起的细胞膜氧化应激是导致细胞死亡的重要机制。