NER: New Instruments for Real-Time, High-Resolution Characterization of Nanoparticles in the Environment

NER：用于环境中纳米颗粒实时、高分辨率表征的新仪器

• 批准号: 0508390
• 负责人: Suresh Dhaniyala
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Clarkson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0508390&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NER; New; Instruments; Real; Time

ABSTRACT - 0508390Clarkson UniversityNanoparticle emissions from anthropogenic activities contribute to urban pollution, influence global climate through cloud system interactions, and are increasingly recognized to cause adverse human health effects. The molecular processes that result in the formation and evolution of ambient nanoparticles must be probed to provide an improved understanding of the role of these particles in the environment. Such studies are complicated by the inhomogeneity in spatial and temporal occurrences of particle formation and their rapid growth rates under typical ambient conditions. The techniques that are currently available for nanoparticle measurements are, however, largely inadequate for these studies.Based on the need for accurate characterization of nanoaerosol processes, the overall objective of this research project is to design and develop instrumentation that can enable in-situ, real-time, and high-resolution measurements of nanoparticle size distributions and provide compositional characterization. Ambient measurements with these instruments will be used in conjunction with laboratory experiments and modeling, to greatly advance our understanding of nanoscale processes in the environment.Intellectual merit:This proposal is motivated by an immediate requirement for real-time, high-resolutionnanoparticle physical and chemical characterization. For such measurements, this proposal introduces two new and innovative nanoparticle characterization techniques.1) A unique classifier design that will enable high-resolution nanoparticle size distribution measurements with a large aerosol sampling rate; and 2) A new volatility response spectrometer for fast particle composition measurements at rates ~ an order of magnitude faster than currently possible. Field measurements with these instruments in combination with aerosol microphysical modeling will advance our understanding of environmental nanoparticles and their processes.Broader Impacts:In addition to the development of new instruments for atmospheric nanoparticle characteristics, this proposal will establish a new fast tandem differential mobility technique that can be extended for other measurements such as aerosol hygroscopicity. Epidemiology studies with data from the proposed instruments will be critical to determine any link between exposure to source-classified ambient nanoparticles and human health.As a part of this project, a post-doctoral scholar and an undergraduate student researcher will be recruited. We hope to involve researchers from underrepresented groups by coordinating our recruitment through Clarkson's minority programs and with personal recruiting effort at Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA. The results and instrument designs will be presented in conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.In summary, the fields of nanoparticle science and the environment will be greatly advanced with the improved knowledge of these particles and their processes. Their measurements at high resolution and accuracy will provide critical data for policy makers and scientists to study the complex nanoparticle-atmospheric interactions and assess nano-aerosol contributions to environmental changes or human health effects.This proposal addresses the research theme 'Nanoscale processes in the environment'.

摘要-0508390克拉克森大学人类活动排放的纳米颗粒会导致城市污染，通过云系统的相互作用影响全球气候，并且越来越多地被认为会对人类健康造成不利影响。必须探测导致周围纳米颗粒形成和演变的分子过程，以更好地了解这些颗粒在环境中的作用。这种研究是复杂的空间和时间发生的粒子形成的不均匀性和它们在典型的环境条件下的快速增长率。然而，目前可用于纳米颗粒测量的技术在很大程度上不足以满足这些研究的需要，基于对纳米气溶胶过程的准确表征，本研究项目的总体目标是设计和开发仪器，可以使原位，实时和高分辨率的测量纳米颗粒的尺寸分布，并提供成分表征。这些仪器的环境测量将与实验室实验和建模结合使用，大大提高我们对环境中纳米级过程的理解。智力价值：这项建议的动机是实时，高分辨率纳米粒子物理和化学表征的迫切要求。对于这样的测量，该提案引入了两种新的和创新的纳米颗粒表征技术。1）独特的分类器设计，这将使高分辨率的纳米颗粒尺寸分布测量与大的气溶胶采样率;和2）一个新的挥发性响应光谱仪，用于快速颗粒组成测量的速度~一个数量级快于目前可能的。 这些仪器结合气溶胶微物理模型的现场测量将推进我们对环境纳米粒子及其过程的理解。更广泛的影响：除了开发新的大气纳米粒子特性仪器外，该提案还将建立一种新的快速串联差分迁移率技术，该技术可以扩展到其他测量，如气溶胶吸湿性。流行病学研究的数据，从拟议的仪器将是至关重要的，以确定暴露于源分类的环境纳米粒子和人类健康之间的任何联系。作为该项目的一部分，博士后学者和本科生研究员将被招募。我们希望通过协调我们的招聘工作，通过克拉克森的少数民族计划，并在南方大学，巴吞鲁日，洛杉矶个人招聘工作，从代表性不足的群体参与研究人员。研究结果和仪器设计将在会议上发表，并发表在同行评审的期刊上。总之，随着对这些粒子及其过程的了解的提高，纳米粒子科学和环境领域将得到极大的发展。高分辨率和高精度的测量将为政策制定者和科学家提供关键数据，以研究复杂的纳米颗粒与大气的相互作用，并评估纳米气溶胶对环境变化或人类健康的影响。