GOALI: Optical Properties and Visual Appearance of Naturally Oxidized and Anodized Aluminum Surfaces

目标：自然氧化和阳极氧化铝表面的光学特性和视觉外观

• 批准号: 0513048
• 负责人: Sergey Rashkeev
• 金额: $ 80.09万
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0513048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Optical; Properties; Visual; Appearance

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: The focus of the proposal is upon a wide range of scientific issues related to optical properties and visual appearance of oxidized aluminum alloy surfaces. The visual appearance of aluminum alloy products (rolled sheet, extrusions) is an important problem for aluminum industry - more than half of all customer rejec-tions occur not because of inadequate mechanical and physical properties of the manufactured products, but due to the unacceptable quality of product surfaces. The problems to be addressed by this collaboration are generic to aluminum industry, but the effort to develop basic atomic-scale scientific understanding of the relevant processes goes beyond the capabilities of individual corporations. The results will be cast in a form that is usable by industrial researchers who focus on product development. The team includes partners from universities (Vanderbilt and Alabama A&M University), industry (Alcoa Inc.), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Other collaborators at the Russian Academy of Sciences will also be involved. The new knowledge will provide valuable guidance to the aluminum industry to control its production techniques to achieve desirable optical properties of aluminum products, as specified by customers. This new knowledge will also be captured into modules suitable for high schools and the public by high-school teachers that will spend several summer sessions at Vanderbilt, coordinated by Vanderbilt's Center of Science Outreach. Students engaged in research, including minority students from Alabama A&M University (a historically black university) will visit and work in a national lab (ORNL) and in an industrial setting (Alcoa Technical Center). TECHNICAL DETAILS: The problem of visual appearance and overall quality of the surface (bright-ness, distinctness of image, iridescence, and coloration) is a multiscale problem, linking the atomic-scale structure and chemical composition of the surface and subsurface regions and the meso-scale surface roughness to macroscopic optical properties. Though the phenomenological optics of light scattering from rough surfaces is well developed, the atomic-, nanometer- and micron-scale mecha-nisms that affect optical properties and visual appearance of specific surfaces and the roles of surface oxides, dopants, and defects remain wide open. An interdisci-plinary team will use a combined experimental and theoretical multiscale ap-proach to unravel these issues in a systematic way and provide a scientific basis for dealing with a costly industrial problem. The problem will be addressed using a broad combination of experimental and theoretical tools such as atomic-resolution Z-contrast transmission electron microscopy, EXAFS, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), and laser-induced break-down spectroscopy (LIBS) supplemented by first-principles theory and computer simulations. Continuous feedback between experiment and theory at different length scales and the rich database of phenomenological information provided by Alcoa scientists will aim for a cutting-edge demonstration of multiscale, industry-relevant, basic research. The proposed research provides unique opportunities for graduate students and post-doctoral associates. They will have exposure to "basic science" research that underlies industrial concerns, and simultaneously participate in joint work with researchers at Alcoa's Technical Center and at the ORNL. Students training in microscopy at ORNL will get an opportunity to work on an electron microscope with the world's highest resolution.

非技术描述：该提案的重点是与氧化铝合金表面的光学特性和视觉外观相关的广泛科学问题。铝合金产品（轧制板材、挤压件）的外观是铝工业的一个重要问题-超过一半的客户拒收不是由于制造产品的机械和物理性能不足，而是由于产品表面质量不可接受。这种合作所要解决的问题是铝工业的共性问题，但对相关过程进行基本原子级科学理解的努力超出了单个公司的能力。结果将以专注于产品开发的工业研究人员可用的形式进行铸造。该团队包括来自大学（范德比尔特和亚拉巴马A M大学），工业（美国铝业公司），和橡树岭国家实验室（ORNL）。俄罗斯科学院的其他合作者也将参与其中。这些新知识将为铝工业提供有价值的指导，以控制其生产技术，从而实现客户指定的铝产品的理想光学性能。这些新知识也将被高中教师捕获到适合高中和公众的模块中，这些教师将在范德比尔特度过几个夏季课程，由范德比尔特的科学推广中心协调。从事研究的学生，包括来自亚拉巴马A M大学（一所历史悠久的黑人大学）的少数民族学生，将参观并在国家实验室（ORNL）和工业环境（美铝技术中心）工作。技术规格：表面的视觉外观和整体质量（亮度、图像清晰度、虹彩和着色）问题是一个多尺度问题，将表面和次表面区域的原子尺度结构和化学成分以及介观尺度表面粗糙度与宏观光学性质联系起来。尽管粗糙表面光散射的唯象光学已经发展得很好，但影响特定表面光学性质和视觉外观的原子、纳米和微米尺度机制以及表面氧化物、掺杂物和缺陷的作用仍然是开放的。一个跨学科的研究小组将使用实验和理论相结合的多尺度方法来系统地解决这些问题，并为处理一个代价高昂的工业问题提供科学依据。这个问题将使用广泛的实验和理论工具，如原子分辨率Z-衬度透射电子显微镜，EXAFS，原子力显微镜（AFM），扫描近场光学显微镜（SNOM），激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）的第一原理理论和计算机模拟的补充组合来解决。在不同长度尺度上的实验和理论之间的持续反馈，以及美铝科学家提供的丰富的现象学信息数据库，将致力于多尺度、行业相关的基础研究的前沿演示。 拟议的研究为研究生和博士后提供了独特的机会。他们将接触到工业关注的基础“基础科学”研究，同时参与与美国铝业技术中心和ORNL研究人员的联合工作。在ORNL接受显微镜培训的学生将有机会在世界上分辨率最高的电子显微镜上工作。