Collaborative Research: Exploring Late Holocene Sedimentary Archives of Extreme Storms in the Northeastern United States

合作研究:探索美国东北部极端风暴的晚全新世沉积档案

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0519118
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The potential for rapid changes in the global climate system raises concerns about potential risks to coastal communities and ecosystems from tropical cyclones. Understanding how past changes in tropical cyclone activity may be linked to changes in climate will aid the projection of future changes and possibly mitigate socio-economic impacts. By recording how past changes in intense hurricane activity has varied during the past 2000 years, this project will reconstruct landfalls from intense hurricanes from sediment records along the coast from New Jersey to Massachusetts and will extend the temporally limited instrumental record in the western North Atlantic Ocean.Intellectual MeritIntense hurricanes pose a significant threat to lives and resources in heavily populated regions and can extensively modify coastal landforms. Given the relative rarity of intense hurricanes making landfall (e.g. 1 per 100 yr in New England) and the shortness of the instrumental record, little is known about past patterns of intense hurricane activity. The development of long-term records (1000 years or longer) of hurricane activity would make it possible to examine how past climate change may have influenced the frequency, intensity, and region of occurrence of hurricanes. Storm surge and waves create overwash deposits that are preserved within coastal sedimentary environments and that can provide a record of severe storms. Previous work has shown that intense hurricane strikes produce a distinctive sedimentary signature that can be used to reconstruct long-term records of these events. Extensive backbarrier salt marshes and coastal freshwater ponds in the northeastern United States are well situated to receive sediments during intense hurricane landfalls. These normally low-energy environments are dominated by fine-grained highly organic sediments, with the exception of episodic deposition of coarser-grained mineral sediments from the beach and near-shore environment during extreme storms. Sediment obtained from a series of cores from each site can be used to map and date storm-induced deposits. This project will develop sedimentary records of intense hurricanes for the last 2000 years within three study areas: 1) New York/New Jersey Bight, 2) eastern CT/western RI, and 3) Buzzards Bay, MA. Storm-induced deposits will be identified, mapped and dated with a variety of isotopic and stratigraphic methods. Multiple sites with different flooding thresholds within each study area will allow estimation of the elevation and distribution of individual prehistoric storm surge events and to determine which storm-induced deposits likely resulted from intense hurricane strikes. With the resulting records of intense hurricane activity, the group will explore links between the frequency of these events and known climate oscillations such as the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period as well as indices of climate variability such as ENSO and the North Atlantic Oscillation.Broader ImpactsThe results of this study will be particularly useful to coastal resource managers, disaster mitigation managers, and policy makers and will enable these groups to make informed decisions regarding appropriate management practices and regulatory strategies. Other stakeholders (coastal zone managers; habitat restoration groups; land managers; business interests concerned with managing risk; coastal property owners and coastal scientists) will benefit from the results of this project. The research should help planning to reduce the loss of human lives and valuable coastal resources.
全球气候系统可能发生迅速变化,这引起了人们对热带气旋对沿海社区和生态系统的潜在风险的关切。了解过去热带气旋活动的变化如何与气候变化联系起来,将有助于预测未来的变化,并可能减轻社会经济影响。通过记录过去2000年来强烈飓风活动的变化,该项目将根据从新泽西州到马萨诸塞州沿岸的沉积物记录重建强飓风的登陆,并将扩展北大西洋西部时间有限的仪器记录。智力价值强飓风对人口稠密地区的生命和资源构成重大威胁,可以广泛地改变沿海地貌。由于登陆的强烈飓风相对罕见(例如新英格兰每100年1次),而且仪器记录也很短,因此对过去强烈飓风活动的模式知之甚少。飓风活动的长期记录(1000年或更长时间)的发展将使研究过去的气候变化如何影响飓风的频率,强度和发生区域成为可能。风暴潮和波浪产生的过冲沉积物保存在沿海沉积环境中,可以提供严重风暴的记录。先前的研究表明,强烈的飓风袭击会产生一种独特的沉积特征,可以用来重建这些事件的长期记录。美国东北部广阔的障壁后盐沼和沿海淡水池塘在强烈飓风登陆期间处于良好的位置,可以接收沉积物。这些通常低能量的环境主要是细粒高有机沉积物,除了在极端风暴期间从海滩和近岸环境中的粗粒矿物沉积物的阶段性沉积。从每个地点的一系列岩心中获得的沉积物可用于绘制风暴引起的沉积物的地图和确定其年代。该项目将在三个研究区域内开发过去2000年来强烈飓风的沉积记录:1)纽约/新泽西湾,2)东部CT/西部RI,和3)布扎德湾,MA。将利用各种同位素和地层学方法对风暴引起的沉积物进行鉴定、绘图和定年。每个研究区域内具有不同洪水阈值的多个站点将允许估计个别史前风暴潮事件的海拔和分布,并确定哪些风暴引起的沉积物可能是由强烈的飓风袭击造成的。利用由此产生的强烈飓风活动记录,该小组将探索这些事件的频率与已知气候振荡(如小冰河期和中世纪温暖期)以及气候变化指数(如ENSO和北大西洋振荡)之间的联系。并将使这些群体能够就适当的管理做法和监管战略作出知情的决定。其他利益攸关方(沿海区管理人员、生境恢复团体、土地管理人员、与风险管理有关的商业利益集团、沿海财产所有者和沿海科学家)将受益于该项目的成果。这项研究应有助于规划减少人类生命和宝贵的沿海资源的损失。

项目成果

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Jeffrey Donnelly其他文献

Jeffrey Donnelly的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jeffrey Donnelly', 18)}}的其他基金

WHOI Sea Floor Samples Laboratory: Curation and distribution of samples from the sea floor in the service of marine science and education
WHOI 海底样本实验室:为海洋科学和教育服务的海底样本的管理和分发
  • 批准号:
    2311328
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Tropical Cyclone Variability in the Western North Pacific Over the Common Era
合作研究:西北太平洋历年热带气旋变化
  • 批准号:
    2216418
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
RAPID: Measuring the distribution and character of sedimentary deposits resulting from Hurricane Ian in Southwest Florida
RAPID:测量佛罗里达州西南部飓风伊恩造成的沉积物的分布和特征
  • 批准号:
    2308838
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Morphodynamic simulations of coastal storms and overwash to characterize back-barrier lake stratigraphies
合作研究:沿海风暴和洪水的形态动力学模拟,以表征后障壁湖地层
  • 批准号:
    2052656
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Developing high-resolution records of storminess from the southern Bering Sea
合作研究:开发白令海南部风暴的高分辨率记录
  • 批准号:
    2040375
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Renewal to OCE-1558374: WHOI Sea Floor Samples Laboratory: Curation and distribution of samples from the sea floor in the service of marine science and education
更新 OCE-1558374:WHOI 海底样本实验室:为海洋科学和教育服务而管理和分发海底样本
  • 批准号:
    2116177
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
MRI: Acquisition of an X-ray Computed Tomography Scanner for Three-Dimensional Characterization of a Wide Range of Geological and Biological Archives
MRI:获取 X 射线计算机断层扫描仪,用于对各种地质和生物档案进行三维表征
  • 批准号:
    2018314
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
PREVENTS Track 2: Collaborative Research: Predicting Hurricane Risk Along the United States East Coast in a Changing Climate
预防轨道 2:合作研究:预测气候变化中美国东海岸的飓风风险
  • 批准号:
    1854980
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Understanding the causes of Atlantic hurricane variability in the late Holocene
合作研究:了解全新世晚期大西洋飓风变化的原因
  • 批准号:
    1903616
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: P2C2: Extreme floods on the lower Mississippi River in the context of late Holocene climatic variability
合作研究:P2C2:全新世晚期气候变化背景下密西西比河下游的极端洪水
  • 批准号:
    1803056
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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