Collaborative Research: Morphodynamic simulations of coastal storms and overwash to characterize back-barrier lake stratigraphies

合作研究：沿海风暴和洪水的形态动力学模拟，以表征后障壁湖地层

• 批准号: 2052656
• 负责人: Jeffrey Donnelly
• 金额: $ 23.75万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2052656&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Morphodynamic; simulations; coastal

Hurricanes constitute major hazards to coastal communities of the eastern United States, generating strong winds and waves, coastal flooding, and erosion. These storms often induce overwash, a process where water and sediments flow over coastal barriers, erode the beach, and deposit sediments atop and behind the barrier. Geoscientists often use deposits of overwash in coastal ponds to infer when hurricanes occurred in the past, prior to written and satellite records of hurricanes. These sedimentary records of past hurricane activity are useful for constraining the probability of a hurricane making landfall on a stretch of coastline, or for understanding changes in hurricane frequency in response to past changes in climate, and are commonly integrated into hazard assessments. However, these sedimentary records are limited to reconstructing the frequency of past storms, while inferences into the magnitude or track of these events remain preliminary. In this project, the investigators will harness recent advances in computer simulations of coastal sediment transport to develop a new approach for reconstructing storm strength and track from overwash deposits. This project will integrate field-based observations of overwash from sediment cores with state-of-the-art simulations of observed and simulated hurricanes to: (i) evaluate the influences of storm properties on overwash deposition in back-barrier settings, (ii) diagnose the sensitivity of depositional patterns to geomorphic change, and (iii) relate storm strength and track to the properties of overwash deposits. Our This work will deliver quantitative reconstructions of hurricane magnitude for southern New England — a heavily-populated region that is vulnerable to tropical cyclones — extending the historical record of hurricane activity in this region back centuries to provide insight into strengths and tracks of prehistoric hurricanes that made landfall in this region. The investigators anticipate that the integrative and scalable approach developed here will be applicable to other coastlines in the United States and abroad that are vulnerable to tropical and extratropical cyclones, and will facilitate the critical challenge of predicting and mitigating against coastal erosion and flooding.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

飓风是美国东部沿海社区的主要危险，产生强风和巨浪，沿海洪水和侵蚀。这些风暴通常会引起过冲，这是一个水和沉积物流过海岸屏障，侵蚀海滩，并在屏障顶部和后面沉积存款沉积物的过程。地球科学家经常利用沿海池塘中的过洗沉积物来推断飓风在过去发生的时间，在飓风的书面和卫星记录之前。这些过去飓风活动的沉积记录有助于限制飓风在一段海岸线登陆的可能性，或了解飓风频率因过去气候变化而发生的变化，通常被纳入灾害评估。然而，这些沉积记录仅限于重建过去风暴的频率，而对这些事件的大小或轨迹的推断仍然是初步的。在这个项目中，研究人员将利用沿海沉积物输运计算机模拟的最新进展，开发一种新的方法来重建风暴强度和过冲沉积物的轨迹。该项目将把沉积物岩心的过洗实地观测与最先进的观测和模拟飓风模拟相结合，以：㈠评估风暴特性对后障设置中过洗沉积的影响，㈡诊断沉积模式对地貌变化的敏感性，㈢将风暴强度和轨迹与过洗沉积物的特性联系起来。我们的这项工作将提供飓风强度的定量重建南部新英格兰-一个人口稠密的地区，容易受到热带气旋-延长飓风活动的历史记录在这个地区回几个世纪，以提供深入了解的力量和在这个地区登陆的史前飓风的轨迹。研究人员预计，这里开发的综合和可扩展的方法将适用于美国和国外易受热带和热带气旋影响的其他海岸线，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过利用基金会的智力价值进行评估，更广泛的影响审查标准。