DHB - Biopsychosocial Bases of Social Responses to Threat

DHB - 对威胁的社会反应的生物心理社会基础

• 批准号: 0525713
• 负责人: Shelley Taylor
• 金额: $ 72.93万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0525713&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DHB; Biopsychosocial; Bases; Social; Responses

DHB - Biopsychosocial Bases of Social Responses to ThreatShelley E. Taylor, Teresa Seeman, and Alison MooreUniversity of California, Los AngelesIn threatening times, people seek positive social contacts, because relationships provide protection to maintain personal safety and that of offspring. This "tend-and-befriend" account of social responses to stress is the basis for our work. Our previous research has found that oxytocin is implicated in social responses to stress, especially in women. The present work, tests the idea that oxytocin acts as a social thermostat that is responsive to adequacy of social relations, which prompts people to seek social contact if relationships fall below an adequate level, and which reduces biological and psychological stress responses, once positive social contacts are reestablished. Vasopressin, a hormone very similar to oxytocin, has been tied to male social behavior under stress in animal studies, and so the research also includes men to test whether vasopressin and/or oxytocin modulate men's responses to stress. One-hundred-eighty healthy young adults will be recruited for a study of social responses to stress. Through questionnaires and a daily diary, satisfaction with social contacts will be measured to see whether gaps in social relationships are associated with elevated oxytocin. Participants then complete stressful tasks in the laboratory in the presence of a supportive audience, a hostile audience, or no audience. Heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol are assessed at multiple times during the stress protocol. Oxytocin will be related to information about relationships and to biological stress responses during the stress tasks. This research represents the first test of a biosocial process proposed to underlie human social responses to threats and the stress-reducing effects of social contact. The broader impact of the work stems from its multidisciplinary approach to understanding why people seek social contact in times of stress and why those contacts have such clear benefits for psychological adjustment and health. There currently exists a profound gender gap in stress studies, with men substantially. Thus, the broader impact of the work also stems from its exploration of sex differences in social responses to threat and their biological underpinnings. Previous work by the researchers on this "tend-and-befriend" approach to stress has not only influenced current directions in stress research, but has also made its way into the public consciousness through hundreds of media portrayals that detail the significant benefits of social contacts under stress.

DHB -社会对威胁反应的生物心理社会基础。泰勒，特雷莎·西曼和艾莉森·摩尔加州大学洛杉矶分校在危险时期，人们寻求积极的社会联系，因为关系提供了保护，以维护个人和后代的安全。 这种对压力的社会反应的“照顾和友善”的解释是我们工作的基础。 我们之前的研究发现，催产素与压力的社会反应有关，尤其是在女性中。目前的工作，测试的想法，催产素作为一个社会恒温器，是响应充分的社会关系，这促使人们寻求社会联系，如果关系低于足够的水平，并减少生物和心理的压力反应，一旦积极的社会接触重新建立。 后叶加压素是一种与催产素非常相似的激素，在动物研究中，它与男性在压力下的社会行为有关，因此这项研究也包括男性，以测试后叶加压素和/或催产素是否调节男性对压力的反应。 将招募180名健康的年轻人进行一项关于压力的社会反应的研究。 通过问卷调查和每日日记，将测量对社会交往的满意度，以了解社会关系中的差距是否与催产素升高有关。 然后，参与者在实验室中完成压力任务，在场的观众有支持，有敌意的观众，或没有观众。 在压力协议期间，心率、血压和皮质醇被多次评估。 催产素将与人际关系的信息和压力任务期间的生物压力反应有关。 这项研究是对生物社会过程的首次测试，该过程被认为是人类对威胁的社会反应和社会接触的减压效果的基础。 这项工作的更广泛影响源于其多学科方法，以了解为什么人们在压力下寻求社会接触，以及为什么这些接触对心理调整和健康有如此明显的好处。 目前在压力研究方面存在着深刻的性别差距，男性差距很大。因此，这项工作更广泛的影响也源于它对社会对威胁的反应及其生物学基础的性别差异的探索。 研究人员以前对这种“照顾和朋友”压力方法的研究不仅影响了当前压力研究的方向，而且通过数百种媒体描述详细说明了压力下社会接触的重大好处，也进入了公众意识。