Doctoral Dissertation Research: Educational Segregation in the United States

博士论文研究：美国的教育隔离

• 批准号: 0526321
• 负责人: Paul Attewell
• 金额: $ 0.42万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0526321&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Educational; Segregation

Paul Attewell, Thurston DominaDoctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant Doctoral Dissertation Research: Educational Segration in the United StatesEven as racial and class segregation has gradually declined over the last half century, the United States has become increasingly segregated by educational attainment. In 1940, less than 5% of the adult U.S. population had a bachelor's degree or higher, but these college graduates were scattered relatively evenly across the American landscape. Today, more than 25% of American adults have completed a college education, but college graduates are highly concentrated. More than half of America's college graduates live in 10% of its counties, while vast stretches of the United States have small and declining populations of college graduates. This dissertation will use data from the decennial U.S. Census to document the rise of educational segregation at the county and the census tract level. It will isolate the migration streams that underlie rising levels of educational segregation, using Census data, along with longitudinal Current Population Survey (CPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data. Finally, this dissertation will consider the wide-ranging consequences of educational segregation. Human capital concentration has spillover effects for children's education, bringing increased educational opportunities to children who grow up in human capital hubs (regardless of their own parents' educations), and denying opportunities to children in areas experiencing brain drain. It is also major factor behind the geographic polarization of American political culture. While individual educational attainment does not predict voting behavior, brain drain counties consistently deliver overwhelming Republican majorities, while brain gain counties consistently vote Democratic. By advancing our understanding of educational segregation as a broad demographic phenomenon, this project will contribute to efforts to stem depopulation in areas undergoing brain drain and to stimulate more equitable economic and educational development patterns. Legislation designed to slow rural depopulation is currently pending in the U.S. Congress and in several American statehouses. Meanwhile, local governments across the county search for effective economic development strategies. This dissertation's findings will be directly relevant to these policy discussions.

Paul Attewell， Thurston domins博士论文改进基金博士论文研究：美国的教育隔离即使种族和阶级隔离在过去的半个世纪里逐渐减少，美国的教育程度也越来越隔离。1940年，只有不到5%的美国成年人拥有学士学位或更高学位，但这些大学毕业生相对均匀地分布在美国各地。今天，超过25%的美国成年人完成了大学教育，但大学毕业生高度集中。超过一半的美国大学毕业生生活在10%的县，而美国大片地区的大学毕业生人数很少，而且还在下降。本论文将使用十年一次的美国人口普查数据来记录县和人口普查区教育隔离的兴起。它将使用人口普查数据，以及纵向当前人口调查（CPS）和全国青年纵向调查（NLSY）数据，隔离导致教育隔离水平上升的移民流。最后，本文将考虑教育隔离的广泛后果。人力资本集中对儿童教育具有溢出效应，为在人力资本中心长大的儿童（无论其父母的教育程度如何）带来了更多的教育机会，并剥夺了正在经历人才流失地区儿童的机会。这也是造成美国政治文化地域分化的主要因素。虽然个人受教育程度并不能预测投票行为，但人才流失县始终支持共和党，而人才流入县始终支持民主党。通过增进我们对教育隔离作为一种广泛的人口现象的理解，该项目将有助于遏制人才流失地区的人口减少，并促进更公平的经济和教育发展模式。旨在减缓农村人口减少的立法目前正在美国国会和几个州待定。与此同时，全国各地的地方政府都在寻找有效的经济发展战略。本论文的研究结果将与这些政策讨论直接相关。