Doctoral Dissertation Research: Educational Segregation in the United States

保罗Attewell，瑟斯顿多米尼加博士论文改进补助金博士论文研究：教育在美国的隔离即使种族和阶级隔离已逐渐下降，在过去的半个世纪，美国已成为越来越多的隔离教育程度。在1940年，只有不到5%的美国成年人拥有学士学位或更高的学位，但这些大学毕业生相对均匀地分布在美国各地。今天，超过25%的美国成年人完成了大学教育，但大学毕业生高度集中。超过一半的美国大学毕业生生活在10%的县，而美国大部分地区的大学毕业生人数很少，而且还在下降。本文将使用十年一度的美国人口普查数据来记录县和人口普查区一级教育隔离的兴起。它将利用人口普查数据，沿着纵向当前人口调查和全国青年纵向调查数据，分离出造成教育隔离程度上升的移民流。最后，本文将考虑教育隔离的广泛后果。 人力资本集中对儿童教育产生溢出效应，为在人力资本中心长大的儿童带来更多的教育机会（无论其父母的教育程度如何），并剥夺了人才外流地区儿童的机会。这也是美国政治文化地理两极分化的主要原因。虽然个人的教育程度并不能预测投票行为，但人才外流县一贯提供压倒性的共和党多数，而人才流入县一贯投票给民主党。通过促进我们对教育隔离作为一种广泛的人口现象的理解，该项目将有助于在人才外流地区阻止人口减少，并促进更公平的经济和教育发展模式。旨在减缓农村人口减少的立法目前正在美国国会和几个州议会等待通过。与此同时，全国各地的地方政府都在寻找有效的经济发展战略。本文的研究结果将直接关系到这些政策的讨论。

Paul Attewell, Thurston DominaDoctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant Doctoral Dissertation Research: Educational Segration in the United StatesEven as racial and class segregation has gradually declined over the last half century, the United States has become increasingly segregated by educational attainment. In 1940, less than 5% of the adult U.S. population had a bachelor's degree or higher, but these college graduates were scattered relatively evenly across the American landscape. Today, more than 25% of American adults have completed a college education, but college graduates are highly concentrated. More than half of America's college graduates live in 10% of its counties, while vast stretches of the United States have small and declining populations of college graduates. This dissertation will use data from the decennial U.S. Census to document the rise of educational segregation at the county and the census tract level. It will isolate the migration streams that underlie rising levels of educational segregation, using Census data, along with longitudinal Current Population Survey (CPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data. Finally, this dissertation will consider the wide-ranging consequences of educational segregation. Human capital concentration has spillover effects for children's education, bringing increased educational opportunities to children who grow up in human capital hubs (regardless of their own parents' educations), and denying opportunities to children in areas experiencing brain drain. It is also major factor behind the geographic polarization of American political culture. While individual educational attainment does not predict voting behavior, brain drain counties consistently deliver overwhelming Republican majorities, while brain gain counties consistently vote Democratic. By advancing our understanding of educational segregation as a broad demographic phenomenon, this project will contribute to efforts to stem depopulation in areas undergoing brain drain and to stimulate more equitable economic and educational development patterns. Legislation designed to slow rural depopulation is currently pending in the U.S. Congress and in several American statehouses. Meanwhile, local governments across the county search for effective economic development strategies. This dissertation's findings will be directly relevant to these policy discussions.