PATH: Feasibility of Developing Self Sustainable-Ammonia Power Houses

PATH：开发自我可持续氨发电站的可行性

• 批准号: 0533290
• 负责人: Gerardine Botte
• 金额: $ 27.3万
• 依托单位: Ohio University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0533290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PATH; Feasibility; Developing; Self; Sustainable

Feasibility of Developing Self Sustainable-Ammonia Power HousesGerardine G. Botte, Daniel Castro, and Scott MillerOhio UniversityCMS 0533290 ABSTRACTInvestigators at Ohio University are working on the development of a new technology that can produce hydrogen on demand through the electrolysis of ammonia (ammonia electrolytic cell-AEC), and its implementation to generate power for residential housing. A 36-month program is proposed to provide the fundamental information required for designing, constructing, optimizing, and scaling up an AEC that will significantly contribute to the energy requirements of residential houses. The other objective of this application is to develop a teaching curriculum designed to educate engineering students and community members (users) on the fundamental principles of fuel cell technology and house energy efficiency. The project proposes the following specific aims: (1) Assess the technical, economical, structural, and safety implications of the use of the technology (solar cell/AEC/proton exchange membrane fuel cell) in residential houses. This will be achieved by optimizing the performance of a bench-scale AEC, estimating the costs of scaling up the cell to the residential housing settings, evaluating the safety implications of the use of the proposed technology in a house, and laying out the appropriate location of the system. (2) Design a series of seminars to train the community about the use of the technology for residential applications. The focus of these seminars will be to increase awareness and seek feedback about hurdles that must be overcome in order for the technology to be practical, affordable, and reliable in a residential setting. Surveying the community and implementing focus group meetings are part of the methodology to achieve this aim. Different models developed during the seminars will be posted to a website for the project, with the intention of reaching out to a broader audience. (3) Develop an introductory course in applied electrochemistry for sustainable construction.This proposal will assess the feasibility of using an ammonia electrolytic cell for generating power in residential houses. The primary motivations for this project center on the benefits to be derived by addressing current house energy issues: high operating costs, dependence on nonrenewable energy sources, and high potential for greenhouse gas production and global warming. Currently, several new threats underlie two other factors that can be added to this list of motivations: potential security crises resulting from intentional attacks that could force power plant shutdowns and the inflexibility of fuel supply and costs due to global political unrest and international oil market volatility. All these issues could be addressed by constructing self-sustainable houses (independent of the grid) powered by renewable energy sources (e.g., solar panels) in combination with an ammonia electrolytic cell (new technology to produce hydrogen on demand) and hydrogen fuel cells (e.g., proton exchange membrane fuel cells). The significance of this project is quite far-reaching. In the educational field, the project will engage the housing-community in learning about the use of sustainable energy and fuel cell technologies. If the feasibility of the new technology proves successful for residential housing, the national, environmental, and security implications will be enormous. First, CO2 emissions from the housing sector to the environment will be reduced by up to 42%. Second, national security will be enhanced through a reliable power source for American homes, making them less susceptible to intentional attacks. In a larger perspective, the technology could be extended to use fertilizer run-offs, farm run-offs, and waste water-all of which contain ammonia as fuels-to provide power for America's homes.

开发自给自足的氨动力住宅的可行性Gerardine G.Botte、Daniel Castro和Scott Miller俄亥俄大学CMS 0533290摘要俄亥俄大学的研究人员正在开发一种新技术，该技术可以通过电解氨(氨电解槽-AEC)按需生产氢气，并将其应用于住宅发电。一项为期36个月的计划被提议提供设计、建造、优化和扩大AEC所需的基本信息，这将对住宅的能源需求做出重大贡献。该应用程序的另一个目标是开发一个教学课程，旨在教育工程专业学生和社区成员(用户)有关燃料电池技术和住宅能源效率的基本原理。该项目提出了以下具体目标：(1)评估在住宅中使用该技术(太阳能电池/AEC/质子交换膜燃料电池)的技术、经济、结构和安全影响。这将通过优化试验台规模的AEC的性能、估计将电池扩大到住宅住房环境的成本、评估在住宅中使用拟议技术的安全影响以及布置系统的适当位置来实现。(2)设计一系列研讨会，培训市民如何将科技应用于住宅用途。这些研讨会的重点将是提高人们的认识，并就必须克服的障碍寻求反馈，以便使技术在住宅环境中实用、负担得起和可靠。对社区进行调查和举行专题小组会议是实现这一目标的方法的一部分。在研讨会期间开发的不同模型将被张贴在该项目的网站上，目的是接触更广泛的受众。(3)为可持续建筑开发应用电化学入门课程。这项建议将评估在住宅中使用氨电解槽发电的可行性。该项目的主要动机是通过解决当前的住宅能源问题获得的好处：运营成本高，对不可再生能源的依赖，以及温室气体产生和全球变暖的高潜力。目前，几个新的威胁是可以添加到这一动机清单上的另外两个因素的基础：可能迫使发电厂关闭的蓄意袭击造成的潜在安全危机，以及全球政治动荡和国际石油市场波动导致的燃料供应和成本的僵化。所有这些问题都可以通过建造自给自足的房屋(独立于电网)来解决，这些房屋由可再生能源(例如太阳能电池板)提供动力，并结合氨电解槽(按需生产氢气的新技术)和氢燃料电池(例如质子交换膜燃料电池)。这个项目的意义是相当深远的。在教育领域，该项目将使住房社区了解可持续能源和燃料电池技术的使用。如果这项新技术在住宅上的可行性被证明是成功的，那么对国家、环境和安全的影响将是巨大的。首先，住房部门对环境的二氧化碳排放量将减少高达42%。其次，通过为美国家庭提供可靠的电源，国家安全将得到加强，使他们不太容易受到蓄意攻击。从更大的角度来看，这项技术可以扩展到使用化肥径流、农场径流和废水--所有这些都含有氨作为燃料--为美国家庭提供电力。