Collaborative Research: Explosive Volcanism: Further Perspectives on Controls on Style and Dynamic of the 79AD Plinian Eruption at Vesuvius

这次喷发被很好地记录下来，它发生在世界十年中最危险的火山爆发期间，至少有60万人居住在火山口周围10公里以内。在这种背景下，公元79年的喷发可以被认为是了解喷发过程中这种复杂变化的“案例研究”或“现场实验室”。尽管人们对其沉积的物理特征和化学成分了解很多，但关于喷发本身仍有许多问题：1.早期柱状突然坍塌(在熔融作用开始之前)的原因是什么，它产生了第一批火山碎屑密度流(PDC)，导致赫库兰尼姆及其周围地区的破坏和死亡？2.在喷发的晚期，以极不稳定的羽状物为特征的熔融岩浆阶段，岩浆上升和泡沫化的条件是什么？3.这些熔体中的微石，主要是白榴石，对喷发动力学有什么影响，结晶动力学和岩浆流变学？对这些问题的回答将使我们对喷发动力学和喷发风格的复杂变化有更全面的了解。将确定泡孔和微晶的大小、密度和形状的数据集，并与实验数据进行比较，以限制白榴石结晶和泡泡形成的时间和速度。白榴石结晶实验将在UAF进行，那里已经在进行气泡发育的研究[EAR 0511070]。更深远的影响：通过关注这一严格限制和著名的历史喷发，拟议的工作应该会引起公众的广泛兴趣，并应用于其他火山学调查。结果将被纳入夏威夷和阿拉斯加学生的教材，预算包括确保学生直接参与研究的资金。将通过一个教育网页实现进一步的推广，该网页使用公元79年的例子，通过类比这一引人入胜的著名喷发向高中生演示地质过程。同时，结果将被纳入教育和向意大利民防计划官员传达危险信息。

Intellectual merit: The 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum, is generally regarded as the 'type' example of Plinian volcanism. This eruption is very well documented, and it occurred at the most dangerous of the world's Decade Volcanoes where at least 600,000 people live within 10 km of the crater. The sustained explosive eruptions, which characterize Vesuvius' history, are highly destructive events where stable eruption plumes give way to column collapse, and/or phreatomagmatism. In this context, the 79AD eruption can be considered as a "case study" or "field laboratory" for understanding such complex changes in eruption processes. Although much is known about the physical characteristics and chemistry of its deposits, many questions remain regarding the eruptions themselves:1. What was the cause of sudden early column collapse (prior to the onset of phreatomagmatism),which generated the first pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), responsible for destruction and deaths at Herculaneum and surrounding areas?2. What were the conditions of ascent and vesiculation of magma during the late, phreatomagmatic phase of the eruptions characterized by highly unstable plumes?3. What influence did microlites in these melts, mainly leucites, have on eruption dynamics, crystallization kinetics and magma rheology?Answers to these questions will provide a more complete understanding of complex changes in eruption dynamics and style. Data sets for vesicle and microlite size, density and shape will be determined and compared with experimental data to constrain timing and rates of leucite crystallization and vesicle formation. Experiments on leucite crystallization will be conducted at UAF where studies are already underway on vesicle development [EAR 0511070]).Broader impacts: By focusing on this well-constrained and famous historical eruption, the proposed work should have broad interest to the public and application to other volcanological investigations. Students and PIs will benefit from the cross-institutional and international exchange of expertise and ideas between UH, UAF, UO and University of Cagliari - ensuring the exchange of ideas and approaches among individuals with a variety of cultural and societal backgrounds. Results will be incorporated into teaching materials for Hawaiian and Alaskan students, and the budget includes funds to ensure the direct involvement of students in the research. Further outreach will be achieved through an educational web-page which uses the 79AD example to demonstrate geological processes through analogy with this fascinating and famous eruption to high school students. Concurrently, results will be incorporated into education and hazard communication to officials of the Italian Civil Defense plan for Vesuvius.