Algorithm Design for Motion Simulation of the Human Musculoskeletal System

斯坦福大学计算机科学系ronald Fedkiw最有价值的科学研究可能集中在人类及其优缺点上，例如考虑运动和疾病。计算机最近已经发展到可以用来在模拟环境中模拟人类的水平。人们可以研究虚拟的人体模型，而不是人类本身，为可能对日常生活产生深远影响的新研究和发现打开了闸门。不幸的是，研究人员仍然严重缺乏编程计算机来执行这些类型的模拟的方法。本文的研究重点是构建这些数值方法，特别是与人体运动相关的数值方法。以生物力学为目标，将受益于本研究的应用领域包括：汽车碰撞假人，手术计划，计算机图形学和娱乐行业的动画人体，人体工程学研究模型，教育等。人体运动模拟是跨学科研究的范例，需要结合计算机图形学和生物力学的知识，以便准确地模拟基于物理的肌肉骨骼系统。这项工作解决了对新算法的需求，以继续在人体运动中产生进步。生物力学和医学需要虚拟肌肉骨骼系统来测试医疗设备和外科手术。有了这样一个模型，帮助截瘫患者和四肢瘫痪患者行走的假肢和其他外骨骼类设备可以在不危及人类的情况下进行测试和改进。然而，要实现这些技术，需要在用于模拟人类肌肉骨骼系统和控制其运动的算法方面取得重大进展。除了精确表示肌肉骨骼系统的组成部分（如骨骼、肌肉、皮肤、肌腱）的算法之外，还需要算法来模拟这些组成部分如何相互作用以及环境如何产生人体运动的动态。

lgorithm Design for Motion Simulation of the Human Musculoskeletal SystemRonald Fedkiw, Stanford Computer Science DepartmentPossibly the most rewarding scientific studies focus on human beings and their strengths and weakness, for example consider sports and illness. Computers have recently evolved to the level where they can start being used to model human beings in a simulated environment. One can study virtual human models as opposed to humans themselves, opening the floodgates for new research and discovery that is likely to have a profound effect on everyday lives. Unfortunately, researchers are still severely lacking methods for programming computers to carry out these types of simulations. This proposal is focused on constructing these numerical methods, with a particular focuson those related to human motion. Targeting biomechanics, application areasthat will benefit from this research include: automobile crash dummies, surgical planning, animated humans for computer graphics and the entertainment industry, models for ergonomics studies, education, etc.Simulation of human motion is a paradigm of cross-disciplinary studies, requiring combined knowledge of computer graphics and biomechanics in order to simulate accurately with a physics-based musculoskeletal system. This work addresses the need for new algorithms to continue generating advances in human motion. Biomechanics and medicine are in need of virtual musculoskeletal systems in order to test medical devices and surgical procedures. With such a model, prosthetics and other exoskeleton-type equipment to help paraplegics and quadriplegics walk could be tested and refined without endangering humans. However, to enable these technologies, significant advances in the algorithms used to simulate the human musculoskeletal system and control its locomotion are needed. In addition to algorithms for accurately representing the components of the musculoskeletal system such as bone, muscles, skins, tendons, algorithms are needed to model the dynamics of how those components interact with each other and the environment to generate human movement.