CAREER: Development of an Innovative Laboratory for Research and Education in Urban Meteorology

该项目在一个日益受到国家关注的领域--城市气象学--弥合了现代研究实践和学生教育之间的差距。主要目标是(I)在边界层研究中充分利用现代观测技术，(Ii)获得边界层动力学和大粗糙度地形上湍流结构的新知识，(Iii)推进城市表层参数化方案，以及(Iv)创造协同和综合学习经验，以更好地教育未来的科学家和专业人员有关城市环境影响的知识。城市气象研究和教育实验室(ILREUM)的新颖性源于实验室的综合设计，该实验室充分利用了气象学研究中的新技术。现场和遥感仪器以及实地工作和风洞模拟以创新和互补的方式结合在一起。正在设计三个代表不同土地利用类型的观测点，以获得城市边界层最低数百米范围内流动和湍流的高分辨率和长期数据。这些数据，结合最近一些城市实地和实验室活动的数据，将为以下方面提供新的见解：(I)从农村到郊区再到城市地形的边界层发展，(Ii)城市地区热力和机械产生的湍流之间的相互作用，(Iii)城市粗糙度亚层内的流动和湍流的特性，以及(Iv)城市冠层和上面屋顶水平的气流之间的动量、热量和污染物的交换。所有这些问题仍然没有得到充分的理解，对于发展和改进作为解决城市当前和未来环境挑战的工具的模拟系统至关重要。由于城市化的持续趋势，城市地区的大气过程非常令人关切，并直接影响到世界上大多数人口。ILREUM的目标是更广泛的城市气象学知识和大气模式参数化方案的改进。广泛的影响：预期结果与广泛的应用密切相关，包括(I)城市和区域尺度的天气预报和气候模式，(Ii)城市空气质量管理的模拟系统，以及(Iii)城市环境中意外释放空气有毒物质的应急响应工具。作为ILREUM的一部分，将通过数字图书馆开发和传播互动和实践教学模块，这将有助于缩小研究与教育之间的差距，并在牛津大学校园以外的这一具有挑战性的领域促进对科学原理的持久了解。国际城市气候学协会(IAUC)已经认识到需要改进城市气象学的教学资源：ILREUM材料将在IAUC通讯中公布，以响应这一呼吁。该教育计划还包括一个国际交流项目，这将进一步确保未来的毕业生为正在进行的城市化以及相关的全球、地区和当地环境问题带来的挑战和机遇做好更好的准备。研究和旅行奖学金将颁发给参加交换计划的本科生，并将采取特别努力，以吸引在这些奖学金中代表不足的群体。与俄克拉荷马州气候调查现有的外展计划合作，获得的数据和结果也将以K-12教育和急救人员培训为目标准备。

This project bridges the gap between modern research practices and student education in an area of growing national interest - urban meteorology. The main objectives are (i) to fully utilize modern observation techniques in boundary-layer research, (ii) to gain new knowledge of boundary-layer dynamics and turbulence structure over terrain with large roughness elements, (iii) to advance urban surface-layer parameterization schemes and (iv) to create synergistic and integrated learning experiences to better educate future scientists and professionals about urban environmental impacts. The novelty of the Laboratory for Research and Education in Urban Meteorology (ILREUM) originates from the integrated design of a laboratory that fully utilizes new technologies in meteorological studies. In-situ and remote-sensing instrumentation, as well as fieldwork and wind tunnel simulations are combined in an innovative and complementary way. Three observational sites representative for different land use types are being designed to obtain high-resolution and long-term data of flow and turbulence within the lowest hundreds of meters of the urban boundary layer. These data, in combination with data available from a number of recent urban field and laboratory campaigns, will provide new insights into (i) boundary-layer development from rural through sub-urban to urban terrain, (ii) the interaction between thermally and mechanically produced turbulence in urban areas, (iii) the properties of flow and turbulence inside the urban roughness sublayer, and (iv) the exchange of momentum, heat, and pollutants between the urban canopy layer and the above roof level flow. All these questions are still not fully understood and of crucial importance for the development and improvement of modeling systems that serve as tools to solve current and future environmental challenges of cities Because of the ongoing trend of urbanization, atmospheric processes in urban areas are of great concern and directly affect the majority of the world's population. ILREUM aims at a broader knowledge in urban meteorology and improvement of parameterization schemes for atmospheric models.Broader impacts: The expected results are of great relevance for a wide range of applications including (i) weather prediction and climate models for urban and regional scales, (ii) modeling systems for urban air quality management, and (iii) emergency response tools in the event of unexpected releases of air toxics in an urban environment. As part of ILREUM, interactive and hands-on teaching modules will be developed and disseminated through digital libraries, which will assist in closing the gap between research and education and promote lasting knowledge of scientific principles in this challenging field beyond the OU campus. The International Association of Urban Climatology (IAUC) has recognized the need for improved teaching resources in urban meteorology: the ILREUM materials will be announced in the IAUC newsletter in response to this call. The education plan includes also an international exchange program, which will further assure that future graduates are better prepared for challenges and opportunities arising from ongoing urbanization and the related global, regional and local environmental problems. Research and travel fellowships will be awarded to undergraduate students participating in the exchange programs and special efforts will be undertaken to attract underrepresented groups in these fellowships. In collaboration with existing outreach programs of the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, the obtained data and results will also be prepared in a format targeting K-12 education and training of first responders.