CAREER: Development of an Innovative Laboratory for Research and Education in Urban Meteorology

这个项目在现代研究实践和学生教育之间架起了桥梁，这是一个日益受到国家关注的领域——城市气象学。主要目标是：(i)在边界层研究中充分利用现代观测技术；（ii）获得大粗糙度地形上边界层动力学和湍流结构的新知识；（iii）推进城市表层参数化方案；（iv）创造协同和综合的学习经验，以更好地教育未来的科学家和专业人士对城市环境影响的认识。城市气象研究与教育实验室（ILREUM）的新颖性源于一个充分利用气象研究新技术的实验室的综合设计。现场和遥感仪器，以及实地工作和风洞模拟以一种创新和互补的方式结合在一起。正在设计三个具有不同土地利用类型代表性的观测点，以获得城市边界层最低数百米范围内的高分辨率和长期流动和湍流数据。这些数据，结合最近城市野外和实验室活动的数据，将提供以下方面的新见解：(i)从农村到郊区再到城市地形的边界层发展，（ii）城市地区热与机械产生的湍流之间的相互作用，（iii）城市粗糙亚层内部流动和湍流的性质，以及（iv）动量、热量、污染物在城市冠层和屋顶层以上之间流动。所有这些问题仍未被完全理解，但对于建模系统的发展和改进至关重要，这些建模系统可作为解决城市当前和未来环境挑战的工具。由于城市化的持续趋势，城市地区的大气过程备受关注，并直接影响到世界上大多数人口。ILREUM旨在扩大城市气象学的知识范围，改进大气模式的参数化方案。更广泛的影响：预期结果对广泛的应用具有重要意义，包括(i)城市和区域尺度的天气预报和气候模型，（ii）城市空气质量管理建模系统，以及（iii）在城市环境中意外释放空气有毒物质时的应急响应工具。作为ILREUM的一部分，交互式和动手教学模块将通过数字图书馆开发和传播，这将有助于缩小研究与教育之间的差距，并在开放大学校园之外的这一具有挑战性的领域促进科学原理的持久知识。国际城市气候学协会（IAUC）已经认识到需要改进城市气象学的教学资源：ILREUM材料将在IAUC的通讯中公布，以响应这一呼吁。该教育计划还包括一个国际交流项目，这将进一步确保未来的毕业生更好地准备迎接正在进行的城市化以及相关的全球、区域和地方环境问题所带来的挑战和机遇。将向参加交流项目的本科生颁发研究和旅行奖学金，并将作出特别努力，吸引这些奖学金中代表性不足的群体。与俄克拉何马州气候调查现有的外展项目合作，获得的数据和结果也将以面向K-12教育和急救人员培训的格式准备。

This project bridges the gap between modern research practices and student education in an area of growing national interest - urban meteorology. The main objectives are (i) to fully utilize modern observation techniques in boundary-layer research, (ii) to gain new knowledge of boundary-layer dynamics and turbulence structure over terrain with large roughness elements, (iii) to advance urban surface-layer parameterization schemes and (iv) to create synergistic and integrated learning experiences to better educate future scientists and professionals about urban environmental impacts. The novelty of the Laboratory for Research and Education in Urban Meteorology (ILREUM) originates from the integrated design of a laboratory that fully utilizes new technologies in meteorological studies. In-situ and remote-sensing instrumentation, as well as fieldwork and wind tunnel simulations are combined in an innovative and complementary way. Three observational sites representative for different land use types are being designed to obtain high-resolution and long-term data of flow and turbulence within the lowest hundreds of meters of the urban boundary layer. These data, in combination with data available from a number of recent urban field and laboratory campaigns, will provide new insights into (i) boundary-layer development from rural through sub-urban to urban terrain, (ii) the interaction between thermally and mechanically produced turbulence in urban areas, (iii) the properties of flow and turbulence inside the urban roughness sublayer, and (iv) the exchange of momentum, heat, and pollutants between the urban canopy layer and the above roof level flow. All these questions are still not fully understood and of crucial importance for the development and improvement of modeling systems that serve as tools to solve current and future environmental challenges of cities Because of the ongoing trend of urbanization, atmospheric processes in urban areas are of great concern and directly affect the majority of the world's population. ILREUM aims at a broader knowledge in urban meteorology and improvement of parameterization schemes for atmospheric models.Broader impacts: The expected results are of great relevance for a wide range of applications including (i) weather prediction and climate models for urban and regional scales, (ii) modeling systems for urban air quality management, and (iii) emergency response tools in the event of unexpected releases of air toxics in an urban environment. As part of ILREUM, interactive and hands-on teaching modules will be developed and disseminated through digital libraries, which will assist in closing the gap between research and education and promote lasting knowledge of scientific principles in this challenging field beyond the OU campus. The International Association of Urban Climatology (IAUC) has recognized the need for improved teaching resources in urban meteorology: the ILREUM materials will be announced in the IAUC newsletter in response to this call. The education plan includes also an international exchange program, which will further assure that future graduates are better prepared for challenges and opportunities arising from ongoing urbanization and the related global, regional and local environmental problems. Research and travel fellowships will be awarded to undergraduate students participating in the exchange programs and special efforts will be undertaken to attract underrepresented groups in these fellowships. In collaboration with existing outreach programs of the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, the obtained data and results will also be prepared in a format targeting K-12 education and training of first responders.