SGER: Digital Technology Enhanced Collection of Perishable Hurricane Damage Data

项目摘要跟踪重大自然和人为事件的灾后勘察对这些事件的特征以及遭受这些灾难性事件的人造基础设施的性能产生了重要的新见解。专家小组在过去20年中取得了重大发现，这是迅速部署侦察活动的结果，这些侦察活动确保了适当收集和存档易腐烂的数据。由此得到的信息也构成了许多详细的“后续”调查的基础。在灾后地点进行侦察并不具有挑战性。无论灾害是自然灾害(如地震、海啸、龙卷风、火灾、飓风)还是人为灾害(如恐怖袭击)，进行侦察的人员往往由于后续事件(余震)、延迟倒塌(建筑物在初始事件中受损)、健康问题(卫生设施丧失)或仅仅是法律和秩序崩溃而处于危险增加的情况。因此，随着个人在更具挑战性的条件下工作，数据质量和数量受到损害的可能性增加。能够将这些不利条件的影响降至最低的一个因素是拥有一个强大的综合数据收集系统来支持侦察小组。通过这种方式，参与实地研究的个人可以更快地记录信息。通过直接以数字格式捕获数据，现场团队成员还可以更有效地与位于偏远低风险环境的其他团队成员共享这些数据。在这种技术辅助的实地数据收集的背景下，该项目将部署一个使用最先进的手持技术的多学科团队，在最近的卡特里娜飓风事件后，在墨西哥湾沿岸的不同地点收集损失评估数据。支持该项目的主要侦察目标是实地研究，以制定遭受灾难性事件的主要港口设施的基线条件模型。其他目标侧重于评估飓风、风暴潮和风造成的基础设施破坏的多尺度地理变化。记录港口基础设施物理损坏的数据将与港口作业能力的减少相关联。与港口官员的讨论将确定定义港口功能的关键运营数据和性能指标。例如，这可能包括在不同泊位处理的船舶数量、卸货和装船总吨位、卸货和装船总货值、卸货、装船和储存集装箱的数量、闸门进出港移动和堆场装卸移动。如有必要，将使用统计技术从只提供部分信息的数据中提取价值。项目组还将收集其他因素(例如，劳动力的福利和安全、对当地住房存量的破坏、应急管理的直接和间接影响，以及与地方、州和联邦各级政府实体的协调)对港口作业能力的影响的信息。这些信息将包括绘制谁参与港口业务决策的地图，以及了解利益攸关方在卡特里娜飓风前后港口管理和业务的特点。问题将包括港口工作人员的任期和更替、谁参与作出港口的具体日常和战略决策、如何管理通信以及公私合作的状况。已召集了一个在灾后勘察方面具有丰富经验的多学科小组，包括洛马·普里埃塔、北岭、科凯利、布吉、世贸中心、集智、印度尼西亚和非洲。团队领导将与具有针对项目任务的专业知识的多学科个人小组一起工作。各种侦察活动的时间表将根据所需数据的易腐烂程度(非常高)和进入关键地点的能力而定。预计侦察工作的所有阶段将在大约6周内完成。主要的项目成果将是一个全面的、多比例尺的飓风损害地理参考数据库。预算主要包括旅费和每日津贴费用。这项活动的学术价值在于，它将通过使用综合数字技术系统加强实地数据收集这一更广泛的目标与一系列重点技术目标结合在一起，包括港口设施状况、风暴潮和风灾以及分散的基础设施破坏，每一项目标都有赖于及时收集易腐烂的数据。这项活动的更广泛影响既体现在研究计划中，也体现在执行这项活动的人员中，这是一个种族和性别多元化的多学科团队，其中将包括高级和初级教职员工和学生，他们将努力确保丰富的数据集，这些数据集可能对研究具有重大影响，不仅对未来的飓风准备，而且对地震和海啸等其他灾难性自然事件的后果以及人为(恐怖)灾害的影响。

Project AbstractPost disaster reconnaissance following major natural and man-induced events has yielded significant new insights into both the characteristics of the events as well as the performance of man-made infrastructure subjected to these catastrophic events. Teams of experts have made significant discoveries over the past 20 years as a result of rapidly deployed reconnaissance activities that have ensured that perishable data was appropriately collected and archived. The resulting information has also formed the basis for numerous detailed "follow-on" investigations. Conducting reconnaissance at post-disaster sites is not with challenge. Whether the disaster is a natural event (e.g. earthquake, tsunami, tornado, fire, hurricane) or a man-induced one (e.g. terrorist attack), individuals conducting reconnaissance are often placed in situations of elevated hazard due to follow-on events (after-shocks), delayed collapse (structures weakened during initial event), health issues (loss of sanitation) or simply breakdown of law and order. As a result, there is an increased potential for data quality and quantity to be compromised as individuals work under more challenging conditions. One factor that can minimize the impact of these adverse conditions is to have a robust integrated data collection system that supports the reconnaissance team. In this manner, individuals participating in field studies can record information more rapidly. By capturing the data directly in digital format, field team members can also share it more effectively with other team members located at remote low hazard environments. Against this backdrop of technology assisted field data collection, this project will deploy a multi-disciplinary team using state of the art handheld technology to collect damage assessment data at various locations along the Gulf Coast following the recent Hurricane Katrina event. The primary reconnaissance objective that underpins this project is field studies to develop a baseline condition model for a major port facility subjected to a catastrophic event. Additional objectives focus on evaluating multi-scale geographic variations in infrastructure damage as a result of hurricane storm surge and wind. Data that documents physical damage to the port infrastructure will be correlated with the reduced operational capacity of the port. Discussions with port officials will identify the key operational data and performance metrics that define port functionality. This may include, for example, numbers of ships processed at different berths, total tonnage unloaded and loaded, total cargo value unloaded and loaded, number of containers unloaded, loaded and stored, gate inbound and outbound movements, and yard handling movements. As necessary, statistical techniques will be used to extract value from data that only provides partial information. The project team will also collect information on the impact that other factors (e.g. the welfare and safety of the labor force, damage to the local housing stock, direct and indirect effects of emergency response management, and coordination with government entities at local, state and federal levels) have on the operational capacity of the port. This information will include mapping who is involved in port operations decision-making, and eliciting stakeholders' characterizations of port management and operations before and after hurricane Katrina. Questions will include the tenure and turnover of port staff, who is involved in making specific day-to-day and strategic decisions in the port, how communications are being managed, and the status of public-private collaborations. Findings will inform models of disaster response, public-private partnerships, and stakeholder roles in decision making.A multi-disciplinary team with significant prior experience in post-disaster reconnaissance including Loma Prieta, Northridge, Kocaeli, Bhuj, WTC, Chi-Chi, Indonesia and Africa has been convened. Team leaders will work with multi-disciplinary groups of individuals with expertise targeted to the project tasks. The schedule for the various reconnaissance activities will be mandated by the degree to which the desired data is perishable (very high - high) and the ability to gain access to critical locations. It is anticipated that all phases of the reconnaissance work will be completed within about 6 weeks. The primary project deliverable will be a comprehensive multi-scale geo-referenced database of hurricane damage. The budget includes travel and per diem costs principally. The intellectual merit of the activity is that it merges the broader objective of enhancing field data collection through the use of integrated digital technology systems with a set of focused technical objectives including port facility condition, storm surge and wind damage, and distributed infrastructure damage, each of which depend on the timely collection of perishable data. The broader impacts of the activity are embedded in both the study plan and the personnel that will execute it in that a racially and gender diverse multi-disciplinary team that will include both senior and junior faculty and students who will seek to secure rich data sets that can have significant implications for studies, not only into future hurricane preparedness, but also into the consequences of other catastrophic natural events such earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as man-induced (terrorist) disasters.