SGER: Estimating Damage to Urban Buried Infrastructure in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

SGER：卡特里娜飓风过后对城市地下基础设施的破坏评估Erez Allouche，大卫霍尔，雷蒙德斯特林摘要在北美，人口密集的城市地区发生大面积洪水是罕见的事件。 因此，关于这类自然灾害对被埋基础设施系统的影响的资料很少。 1997年红河洪水导致大福克斯和加拿大温尼伯市部分地区被淹，在洪水过后，有人提出，超载对玻璃化粘土重力管道内压载荷的影响导致了大范围的开裂。 当水退去时，也怀疑发生了床上用品支撑的丧失。 然而，在洪水退去一年多之后才试图收集数据，很难清楚地确定洪水对下水道收集系统恶化的实际影响。卡特里娜飓风带来了现代美国历史上最严重的洪水，包括淹没新奥尔良市，一个有一百万人口的大都市区。目前，还没有经过验证的工具来评估90，000平方米土地上被埋基础设施网络所遭受的损害。该奖项将重点收集水已经消退的地区的时间敏感数据，如路易斯安那州的斯莱德尔和密西西比州的比洛西。 收集的数据包括使用闭路电视对地下管道系统的现状进行目视检查、对周围地上结构和基础设施的破坏、波前的最大高度和速度、水淹没受影响地区的深度和时间长度以及垂直掩埋结构（如检修孔）的状况。 收集的其他数据包括将被检查的管道网络的类型、直径、材料和年龄，以及关于管道衬里等最近修复活动的信息。 该奖项旨在确定由于与飓风洪水波和长期洪水相关的非传统载荷造成的损坏机制。 将仔细选择研究区域，以包括最近进行过CCTV（或采用其他条件评估调查方法）的区域，以便量化飓风前后的条件。 虽然物理检查将仅限于卫生和雨水管收集系统，但也将收集研究区域的水和天然气分配系统的数据。本研究中收集的时间敏感数据以及与飓风相关负荷相关的故障机制方面的知识将作为加强当前设计和施工实践的基础。 有关选定地下系统所受损害的定量数据将有助于更好地评估更广泛的飓风灾区所受损害。 因此，收集的信息和知识，在这项研究中获得的将有助于在墨西哥湾沿岸地区的地下基础设施系统的重建工作，并在未来的洪水相关故障的预防。

SGER: Estimating Damage to Urban Buried Infrastructure in the Aftermath of Hurricane KatrinaErez Allouche, David Hall, Raymond SterlingABSTRACTWidespread flooding of a dense urban area is a rare event in North America. Thus, little information is available regarding the impact of such natural disasters on buried infrastructure systems. In the aftermath of the 1997 Red River flood, which resulted in the flooding of Grand Forks and portions of the city of Winnipeg, Canada, it was suggested that the effect of surcharge on the internal pressure loading in vitrified clay gravity pipes resulted in extensive cracking. When the water receded, loss of bedding support also was suspected to occur. However, when attempts to collect data were undertaken more than a year after the water receded, the actual impacts of the flood on the deterioration of the sewer collection system were difficult to clearly identify. Hurricane Katrina brought the most severe flooding in modern US history, including the submergence of the City of New Orleans, a one million strong major metropolitan area. At present, there are no proven tools for assessing the damage sustained by buried infrastructure networks in the 90,000 sq. mile hurricane-struck area.This award will focus on collecting time-sensitive data in areas where the water has receded such as Slidell, Louisiana and Biloxi, Mississippi. Data to be collected includes visual inspection of the current condition of underground piping systems using closed-circuit television (CCTV), damage to surrounding above ground structures and infrastructure, maximum height and velocity of the wave front, the depth and the length of time the water flooded the impacted area, and the condition of vertical buried structures such as manholes. Other data to be collected include the type, diameter, material and age of the pipeline networks that will be inspected and information regarding recent rehabilitation activities such as pipe lining. The award seeks to identify damage mechanisms due to non-traditional loading associated with hurricane flood waves and long term flooding. Studied areas will be carefully chosen to include areas recently CCTVed (or subjected to other condition assessment survey methods) to allow the condition before and after the hurricane to be quantified. While physical inspection will be limited to sanitary and storm sewer collection systems, data will be also collected on the water and natural gas distribution systems in the studied areas.The time-sensitive data collected in this study and the knowledge gained regarding the failure mechanisms associated with hurricane-related loading will serve as a basis for enhancement of current design and construction practices. Quantitative data on the damage suffered by selected underground systems will allow for better assessment of the damage to the wider hurricane-struck area. Thus, the information gathered and the knowledge gained under this study will contribute to the reconstruction efforts of buried infrastructure systems in the Gulf Coast area and to the prevention of flood-related failures in the future.