Doctoral Dissertation Research: Lynching in the U.S. South: Incorporating the Historical Record on Race, Class, and Gender

俄亥俄州立大学1882年至1930年间，美国南部有近3000人被私刑处死。这一现象长期以来一直受到社会学家和历史学家的关注，但社会学家还没有完全将历史洞察力纳入他们对私刑事件的建模中。这个项目借鉴了以前的社会学和历史学工作，解决了私刑案件中的阶级、性别和种族问题。它的创新之处在于，在提出的实证分析中，更清楚地考虑了社会阶层划分的动态和性别意识形态，这在历史记录中是明确的。研究人员提出了两个主要的研究问题：(1)历史上依赖于种族剥削和分裂的土地精英的存在，是否会影响私刑的地理可能性？(2)种族和性别如何交叉，从而支持这些犯罪及其合法化？调查人员采用了多种方法，其中利用了独特的定量和定性历史数据。量化数据来自历史人口普查和HAL项目。分析被用来确定导致私刑总体发生的更广泛的种族竞争和社会阶层过程。在选择进行分析的案例时，还考虑到了针对暴力的性别种族主义理由。从佐治亚州、密西西比州、北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的不同档案馆和图书馆获得的档案材料的定性和定量内容编码，然后被用来评估当地媒体和肇事者利用性别、种族和阶级偏见来框架实际私刑事件的方式。这种多方法的分析将(1)提高对从属和社会控制这一历史上重要的方法的理解；(2)讲述和告知阶级以及性别、种族和阶级的交集的社会学概念；(3)阐明当代种族关系的形成。这个项目将产生三个广泛的影响。首先，本科生将接受数据收集和编码方面的培训。这一经历将为社会科学研究提供有价值的见解。其次，这些分析将通过在社会学期刊和专业会议上发表而向公众公布。最后，这一分析有可能为与当代相关的种族和犯罪问题提供有价值的见解。事实上，最近的研究表明，当代非裔美国人在白人手中的谋杀与历史上的私刑模式密切相关。研究还表明，即使在当代，死刑的数量也更高，因为在过去，私刑在那里使用得更频繁。

SES: 0602619Vincent RoscignoLisa GaroutteOhio State UniversityBetween 1882 and 1930, nearly 3,000 people were lynched in the U.S. South. This phenomenon has been of long standing interest to both sociologists and historians, yet sociologists have not fully incorporated historical insights into their modeling of lynching events. This project, drawing from prior sociological and historical work, addresses issues of class, gender, and race in the case of lynching. It is innovative in so much as the dynamics of social class divisions and gender ideology, clear in the historical record, are more clearly considered in the empirical analyses presented. The researchers ask two primary research questions: (1) Does the presence of a landed elite, historically dependent on racial exploitation and division, affect the geographic likelihood of lynching? (2) In what ways did race and gender intersect and, thus, bolster these crimes and their legitimation? The investigators employ a multi-method approach, one which makes use of unique quantitative and qualitative-historical data. Quantitative data are drawn from the historical census and Project HAL. Analyses are used to identify broader race competition and social class processes that led to the occurrence of lynching in the aggregate. The selection of cases for analyses also takes into account gendered-racist justifications for the violence. Qualitative and quantitative content coding of archival material, drawn from various archives and libraries in Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee are then used to assess the ways in which local media and perpetrators used gender, race and class biases to frame actual lynching events. Such multi-method analyses will (1) improve understanding of an historically important method of subordination and social control; (2) speak to and inform sociological conceptions of class and the intersection of gender, race and class, and; (3) shed light on the formation of contemporary race relations. This project will have three broad impacts. First, undergraduate students will be trained inthe collection and coding of data. This experience will provide valuable insights into what isinvolved in social science research. Second, the analysis will be made available to the public through publication in sociological journals and professional conferences. Finally, the analysis has the potential to provide valuable insights into issues of race and crime that have contemporary relevance. Indeed, recent research indicates that the contemporary murder of African-Americans at the hands of whites is positively and significantly related to historical patterns of lynching. Research also shows that the number of death sentences, even into the contemporary era, is higherwhere lynching was used more frequently in the past.