Bars and their Impact on Galaxy Evolution over the Last Eight Billion Years

新的证据表明，自红移z~1以来的过去80亿年里，盘状星系经历了一次更静态的演化，这是由微小的合并、潮汐诱导的条形结构和自发诱导的条形结构驱动的。最近的研究实际上已经证明了Z~1的丰富条形。从GEMS(星系演化从形态和SEDS[光谱能量分布])调查中提取的数千个星系将组成一个大型数据库，结合光学(哈勃太空望远镜，HST)、红外(斯皮策空间望远镜)和X射线(钱德拉X射线天文台)的数据。预计该计划将在棒子寿命、棒子性质的分布以及棒子对其宿主星系的结构性质(凸起和中心质量密度)、环核恒星形成和中心活动的影响方面取得新的结果。该计划将为未来的阿塔卡马大毫米阵列(ALMA)的后续行动提供参考基线，因为它针对的是HST/Spitzer/Chandra扩展的深场南星系，这是ALMA科学的一个关键遗留领域。通过一个名为“为高中生搭建一座桥梁”的外联计划，该项目将为高中生提供在研讨会、课堂、网络资源和视频会议上学习天文学和研究的机会。它将影响德克萨斯州数百名教师和大约21,500名高中生。许多受影响的人是少数族裔，特别是不断增长的西班牙裔人口。

Fresh evidence suggests that, over last eight billion years since redshift z~1, disk galaxies underwent a more quiescent evolution that was driven by minor mergers, tidally induced bar structures, and spontaneously induced bars. Recent studies have in fact demonstrated the abundance of bars out to z ~ 1. Thousands of galaxies drawn from the GEMS (Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs [Spectral Energy Distributions]) survey will make a large database, combining optical (Hubble Space Telescope, HST), infrared (Spitzer Space Telescope) and X-ray (Chandra X-Ray Observatory) data. The program is anticipated to deliver new results on the bar lifetime, the distribution of bar properties, and the impacts of bars on the structural properties (bulges and central mass concentrations), circumnuclear star formation, and central activity of their host galaxies. The program will provide a reference baseline for follow-up with the future Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), since it targets galaxies in the HST/Spitzer/Chandra Extended Deep Field South, a key legacy field for ALMA science.Through an outreach program named "Building a Bridge to High School Students", this project will provide opportunities for high-school students to learn about astronomy and research in workshops, in the classroom, via web-based resources, and via video conferences. It will influence hundreds of teachers and an estimated 21,500 high school students located all over Texas. Many of those impacted are minorities, particularly the growing Hispanic population.