Pollination of strawberries and biological pest control on different spatial scales, from crop varieties and fields to landscapes

虫害和生物防治是自然界提供的重要生态系统服务。由于当地和景观尺度上农业集约化程度的提高，这些物种受到威胁。在本研究中，我们将分析，首次，授粉和生物病虫害防治的组合及其对草莓产量和品质的影响，比较不同的空间尺度（植物，田间，景观）的实验，以评估影响因素的相对重要性。我们将分析花粉多样性（参与授粉的品种的多样性）对产量（重量），贸易质量，成分和味道的基础上在哥廷根大学的实验田草莓的影响。此外，还将评估不同授粉方式（自花授粉、风媒授粉和昆虫授粉）的影响。将在商业草莓地进行进一步的试验。我们将比较不同的传粉者物种和行会的行为对草莓花和分析的依赖传粉者，害虫和天敌多样性的景观组成，最后，它对草莓产量的影响。我们还将使用实验暴露的筑巢地点（陷阱巢）增加独居蜜蜂的数量，并研究对草莓产量的潜在影响。增加草莓上蜜蜂的丰度和多样性以及使用不同的品种可能会导致受体植物上更高的花粉多样性，从而提高产量和果实品质。

Pollination and biological pest control are important ecosystem services provided by nature. These are endangered due to the increasing agricultural intensification on local and landscapes scales. In the current study we will analyse, for the first time, the combination of pollination and biological pest control and their influence on strawberry yield and quality, comparing experiments on different spatial scales (plant, field, landscape) to value the relative importance of influencing factors. We will analyse the effects of pollen diversity (diversity of cultivars that participate in pollination) on yield (weight), trade quality, ingredients and taste of strawberries based on an experimental field at the University of Göttingen. In addition, the influence of different pollination modes (self, wind and insect pollination) will be assessed. Further experiments will take place on commercial strawberry fields. We will compare the behaviour of different pollinator species and guilds on strawberry flowers and analyse the dependence of pollinator, pest and natural enemy diversity on landscape composition and lastly, its influence on strawberry yield. We will also increase the population of solitary bees using experimentally exposed nesting sites (trap nests) and examine the potential influence on strawberry yield. Increasing bee abundance and diversity on strawberry fields and using different cultivars may cause higher pollen diversity on acceptor plants, increasing yield and fruit quality.