Relative importance of predators and parasitoids for cereal aphid control in a gradient of landscape complexity (EuroDIVERSITY 260)

在景观复杂性梯度下，捕食者和寄生蜂对于谷类蚜虫控制的相对重要性 (EuroDIVERSITY 260)

• 批准号: 19454361
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Teja Tscharntke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Agrarökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/19454361?language=en
• 关键词: Relative; importance; predators; parasitoids; cereal

Aphids on cereals are important insect pests in many parts of Europe. In this project we use field experiments with manipulations of natural enemies, polyphagous predators and specialised parasitoids, to show how the diverse natural enemies ensures biological pest control. We (1) estimate how biodiversity and biocontrol are affected by agricultural intensification at different scales across Europe ¿ from fields (e.g. local plant diversity) to farms (e.g. land-use intensity) and landscapes (e.g. composition and configuration), (2) determine functional spatial scales for (multi-)trophic interactions of species differing in traits such as body size, foraging range, resource specialization, population size variability and trophic position, and (3) analyse underlying mechanisms owing to the availability of perennial habitats providing shelter from disturbances by agricultural practices, overwintering sites, and alternative prey.

谷物上的蚜虫是欧洲许多地区的重要害虫。在这个项目中，我们使用田间实验来操纵天敌、多食性捕食者和专门的寄生蜂，以展示不同的天敌如何确保生物控制害虫。我们(1)估计整个欧洲不同尺度的农业集约化对生物多样性和生物控制的影响，从田野(例如当地植物多样性)到农场(例如土地利用强度)和景观(例如组成和配置)，(2)确定不同特征的物种(多)营养相互作用的功能空间尺度，如身体大小、觅食范围、资源专门化、种群大小变异性和营养位置，以及(3)分析由于多年生栖息地的可用性而产生的潜在机制，以躲避农业实践、越冬地点和替代猎物的干扰。