Biodiversity and trophic interactions in agricultural mosaic landscapes, comparing bees, wasps and their natural enemies

农业马赛克景观中的生物多样性和营养相互作用，比较蜜蜂、黄蜂及其天敌

• 批准号: 54842916
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Teja Tscharntke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie (Zoologie III)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/54842916?language=en
• 关键词: Biodiversity; trophic; interactions; agricultural; mosaic

Global biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate and traditional conservation areas are no longer sufficient to slow this decline, so the potential contribution of managed land for conservation is increasingly acknowledged. This includes a broadening of the perspective from the field and farm to the landscape level, considering the often neglected spatial and temporal turnover in anthropogenic mosaic landscapes. Here we will use a highly replicated study design with the experimental exposure of standardized nesting resources to examine the relative importance of habitat type to landscape diversity using trap-nesting bees, wasps and their natural enemies. We will analyze the scale-dependence of partitioned biodiversity and quantify host-parasitoid and prey-predator interactions, as well as make food web statistics with a fully quantified interaction web (following Tylianakis et al. 2007, Nature 445: 2002-5). We will show how the major habitat types in our mosaic landscapes (and different years) contribute to overall species richness, comparing wheat, oilseed rape, grassland, field margin strips, fallows and forest margins, which represent a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance. We will examine how landscape composition influences the relative contribution of the six habitat types to species richness by focusing on a gradient of simple to complex structured landscapes. Further, we expect enemy richness to be related to host/prey mortality, so we will contribute to this highly debated topic. The mosaic structure of agricultural landscapes allow to study little known effects of landscape configuration, including spillover effects across habitats, inhibition of dispersal (by hostile cereal fields) and facilitation (by grassy corridors). Experiments with marked bee and wasp individuals allow to describe foraging behaviour and resource use across habitats.

全球生物多样性正在以惊人的速度下降，传统的保护区已不足以减缓这种下降，因此管理土地对保护的潜在贡献日益得到承认。这包括将视角从田野和农场扩展到景观层面，考虑到人为马赛克景观中经常被忽视的空间和时间转换。在这里，我们将使用高度重复的研究设计和标准化筑巢资源的实验暴露来研究栖息地类型对景观多样性的相对重要性，使用陷阱筑巢的蜜蜂、黄蜂和它们的天敌。我们将分析分区生物多样性的尺度依赖性，量化宿主-寄生虫和捕食者-捕食者的相互作用，并使用完全量化的相互作用网进行食物网统计（继Tylianakis et al. 2007, Nature 445: 2002-5）。我们将展示马赛克景观中的主要生境类型（以及不同年份）如何对总体物种丰富度做出贡献，并比较小麦、油菜、草地、田地边缘带、休耕地和森林边缘，它们代表了人为干扰的梯度。我们将通过关注简单到复杂结构景观的梯度来研究景观组成如何影响六种生境类型对物种丰富度的相对贡献。此外，我们预计敌人的丰富程度与宿主/猎物的死亡率有关，因此我们将对这个备受争议的话题做出贡献。农业景观的马赛克结构允许研究景观配置的鲜为人知的影响，包括跨栖息地的溢出效应，抑制扩散（通过敌对的谷物田）和促进（通过草地走廊）。对有标记的蜜蜂和黄蜂个体进行实验，可以描述觅食行为和跨栖息地的资源利用。