SGER: Hurricane Katrina and Lessons for Prevention of Catastrophic Levee Failures Applicable to Other Similarly Threatened Areas in the U.S.

奖项：CMS-0611632 PI：Raymond Seed机构：加州伯克利大学标题：SGER：卡特里娜飓风和适用于美国其他类似受威胁地区的灾难性堤坝故障预防教训研究小组进行了一次由国家科学基金会赞助的实地调查（CMS-0553197）在卡特里娜飓风后的几个月里，成功地捕捉和记录了与纽约州堤坝故障有关的重要易腐数据和观测结果，奥尔良 第一次SGER的观察结果载于以下报告（也可从参议院国土安全和政府事务委员会获得：Seed，R.B.，尼科尔森，P.G.，达林普尔，R. A.，Battjes，J.，碧，R.G. Boutwell，G.，布雷，J.D.，柯林斯博士，哈德，L.F.，赫兰，J.R.，Inamine，M.，Kayen，R. E.，库尔河，Pestana，J.M.，Silva-Tulla，F.，Storesund河，Tanaka，S.，沃特曼，J.，沃尔夫，TF，伍特姆湖和Zimmie，T.（2005）2005年8月29日卡特里娜飓风中新奥尔良堤坝系统性能的初步报告，报告编号UCB/CITRIS 05/01，CITRIS中心，加州大学伯克利分校，2005年11月16日。 这一新项目将继续收集易腐数据，但将集中于分析这些重要的现场性能案例研究。 随着国家现在从事严重受损的新奥尔良防洪系统的紧急重建，有一个不寻常的紧迫性，学习和应用卡特里娜飓风的教训，这些系统目前正在紧急修复。 然而，这些经验教训也将是极其宝贵的长期堤防系统在全国各地，并在世界各地。 卡特里娜飓风期间新奥尔良防洪系统的多次故障导致了灾难性的洪水，迄今已造成1，063人死亡，摧毁了美国的一个主要城市和大都市区，估计造成的（直接和间接）损失在2000亿至4000亿美元之间。 这是世界历史上最昂贵的工程系统故障。 从新奥尔良堤坝系统的表现，以及从紧急修复和抽水以恢复淹没地区的经验中，可以吸取潜在的至关重要的教训。 漫顶冲刷侵蚀、结构防洪墙和板桩截水墙系统的无支撑以及由此产生的墙系统故障，以及土堤防渗墙的底渗引起的稳定性故障，都是新奥尔良发生的几十起防洪系统故障的代表。 相似的，附近的防洪系统元件的成功性能，在材料，几何形状和其他设计细节的微小变化，代表了一个鲜明的对比和独特的机会，学习关键的教训，提高我们对所涉及的各种机制的理解。 这项研究的结果将显着影响未来的分析，设计和这些系统的建设，不仅在新奥尔良地区，但在整个nations.Recent进展有关的预测风暴径流，飓风频率和地震风险表明，堤坝系统比通常理解的更脆弱。 在缺乏连贯的国家堤坝安全计划（如国家大坝安全计划）的情况下，这方面的研究也滞后，堤坝系统目前代表了一个不可接受的国家风险水平，通常记录和理解都很差。 至关重要的是，我们要从新奥尔良防洪系统在卡特里娜飓风中的灾难性失败中吸取教训，以便将来能够应用这些教训，减少我们国家在其他地区遭受类似灾难的风险。

Award: CMS-0611632PI: Raymond SeedInstitution: University of California, BerkeleyTitle: SGER: Hurricane Katrina and Lessons for the Prevention of Catastrophic Levee Failures Applicable to Other Similarly Threatened Areas in the U.S.The research team conducted an NSF-sponsored field investigation (CMS-0553197) in the months following Hurricane Katrina that successfully captured and documented vital perishable data and observations related to levee failures in New Orleans. The observations from the first SGER are contained in the following report (also available from the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs: Seed, R.B., Nicholson, P.G., Dalrymple, R.A., Battjes, J., Bea, R.G., Boutwell, G., Bray, J.D., Collins, B.D., Harder, L.F., Headland, J.R., Inamine, M., Kayen, R.E., Kuhr, R., Pestana, J.M., Silva-Tulla, F., Storesund, R., Tanaka, S., Wartman, J., Wolff, T.F., Wootem, L. and Zimmie, T. (2005) Preliminary Report on the Performance of the New Orleans Levee Systems in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, Report No. UCB/CITRIS 05/01, CITRIS Center, University of California, Berkeley, November 16, 2005. This new project will continue the collection of perishable data, but will concentrate on the analysis of these important field performance case studies. With the Nation now engaged in emergency reconstruction of the heavily damaged New Orleans flood protection system, there is an unusual urgency in learning and applying lessons from Katrina to these systems currently under urgent repair. These lessons will also, however, be extremely valuable over the long term for levee systems throughout the Nation, and throughout the world. The multiple failures of the New Orleans flood protection system during the Katrina event resulted in catastrophic flooding that has to date claimed 1,063 lives, devastated a major U.S. city and metropolitan area, and produced estimated (direct and indirect) damages ranging between $200 to $400 billion. This represents the single most costly engineered system failure in world history. There are lessons of potentially vital importance to be learned from the performance of the New Orleans levee systems, and from the experiences with emergency repair and pumping to dewater the inundated areas. Overtopping scour erosion, unbracing of structural floodwalls and sheetpile cut-off wall systems and resultant wall system failures, and underseepage-induced stability failures of earthen levee embankments are all represented among the several dozen flood protection system failures that occurred in New Orleans. Successful performance of similar, nearby flood protection system elements, with small variations in materials, geometry and other design details, represents a striking contrast and a unique opportunity to learn critical lessons and to improve our understanding of the various mechanisms involved. The findings of this study will significantly influence the future analysis, design and construction of these systems, not only in the New Orleans region but throughout the nation as well.Recent advances concerning prediction of storm runoff, hurricane frequency and seismic risks suggest that levee systems are more fragile than is generally understood. In the absence of a coherent national levee safety program (such as with the National Dam Safety Program), research in this area lags as well, and levee systems currently represent an unacceptable level of national risk that is generally both poorly documented and poorly understood. It is critical that we learn the lessons to be learned from the catastrophic failures of the New Orleans flood protection system in Hurricane Katrina so that they can be applied in the future to reduce our nations exposure to similarly catastrophic disasters in other regions.