Collaborative Research: Study of Dam/Reservoir-Induced Hydrologic Changes in Siberian Regions: Regional Analysis to Pan-Arctic Synthesis

人类和水文是北极系统的动态组成部分。它们在许多方面密切相互作用和影响。人类-水文关系的研究是NSF ARCSS和HARC计划的一个关键共同兴趣。最近，这两个项目都将北极人类-水文关系确定为一个主要的研究空白，并建议开展更多的研究工作，以描述人类活动和北极地区之间的这种关系。目前，这种关系只在少数几个案例中进行了探讨，主要是研究北极水文变化如何影响北方社会和文化。然而，重要的是要注意到，人类对北极水文系统的影响的研究也是一个巨大的挑战，是一个主要的研究差距在ARCSS计划。虽然各种人类活动-例如工业用水和灌溉用水以及土地使用和土地覆盖的变化-影响到水文系统，但大型水坝和水库的建造和运行对区域和全球水文系统的影响最大，建造许多大型水坝和水库主要是为了在北方地区/流域防洪和水力发电，它们的运行大大改变了河流的流量、沉积物和热条件。大型水坝直接和显着调节径流，他们改变每月和季节性的排放制度在空间和时间上，他们影响流域尺度的年径流特性。必须指出，相对于气候影响，水坝的影响更为直接，往往造成区域水文状况的突然变化，从而对长期趋势产生重大影响，特别是在季节和区域范围内。最近对西伯利亚大型河流水文变化的分析表明，由于水库调节，在流域出口收集的流量记录并不总是代表自然变化和变化;这些记录往往低估夏季的自然径流趋势，高估冬季和秋季的趋势。有必要记录和了解大型水坝在多大程度上影响北极水文变化。PI的研究将专门寻求量化大型水库如何影响西伯利亚地区水文变化。此外，他们将综合从加拿大，北欧国家和西伯利亚的区域分析，以实现一个全面的泛北极评估大坝对北极水文系统的影响和它的过去changes.Intellectual优点：由于水库调节是非常强大的，直接在北方地区，我们必须了解大坝的影响，然后才能确定水文气候变化和变化的大北极流域。我们目前的知识库对北极水文变化的影响是不完整的，这限制了我们的能力，以了解在北极水文系统中观察到的长期变化。这项拟议的研究将清楚地记录北方地区的水坝和水库，并定量评估它们对区域水文变化的影响。这方面的知识是重要的ARCSS的目标，一个系统级的了解北极及其变化。这项研究将产生西伯利亚各地的自然径流数据;这些数据将对气候模型验证和大规模水收支分析有价值。这些结果将促进我们对北极系统的功能，相互作用和变化的理解，并有利于国家和国际计划，如NSF/ARCSS，HARC，WCRP/GEWEX和CLIC。

Humans and hydrology are the dynamic components of the arctic system. They closely interact and affect each other in many ways. Study of Human-Hydrological relationships is one key common interest for the NSF ARCSS and HARC programs. Recently, both programs have identified the Arctic Human-Hydrological Relationship as a major research gap, and both recommend more research efforts to characterize this relationship across sectors of human activity and Arctic regions. Currently this relationship has been explored in only a few cases that mainly investigate how Arctic hydrologic changes influence northern society and culture. It is, however, important to note that the study of human impacts on the arctic hydrologic system is also a great challenge and is a major research gap in the ARCSS programs. While various human activities -- such as water use for industry and irrigation, and change of land use and land cover -- affect hydrology regimes, construction and operation of large dams and reservoirs make the most significant changes in regional-global hydrology systems.Many large dams and reservoirs have been constructed mainly for flood control and hydropower generation in the northern regions/watersheds, and their operation substantially alters river streamflow, sediment and thermal conditions. Large dams directly and significantly regulate streamflow; they change monthly and seasonal discharge regimes over space and time, and they affect yearly streamflow characteristics at the basin scale. It is important to note that, relative to climatic effects, dam impacts are much more direct and often cause abrupt changes in regional hydrologic regimes, thus significantly affecting long-term trends, especially at seasonal and regional scales. Recent analyses of hydrologic changes in large Siberian Rivers demonstrate that, due to reservoir regulation, discharge records collected at the basin outlet do not always represent natural changes and variations; these records tend to underestimate the natural runoff trends in summer and overestimate trends for winter and autumn. There is a need to document and understand to what extent large dams affect arctic hydrology changes. The PI's research will specifically seek to quantify how large reservoirs impact Siberian regional hydrologic changes. In addition, they will synthesize regional analyses from Canada, Nordic countries and Siberia to achieve a comprehensive pan-Arctic assessment of dam effect on the arctic hydrology system and its past change.Intellectual merit: Because reservoir regulation is very strong and direct in the northern regions, we must understand dam effects before we can determine hydrologic response to climate change and variation in the large arctic watersheds. Our current knowledge of reservoir effects on arctic hydrologic changes is incomplete and this limits our capability to understand the long-term changes observed in Arctic hydrologic system. This proposed research will clearly document dams and reservoirs in the northern regions and quantitatively assess their impacts on regional hydrologic changes. This knowledge is important to the ARCSS goal of a system-level understanding of the Arctic and its change. This research will produce naturalized streamflow data across Siberia; such data will be valuable for climate model validation and large-scale water budget analyses. These results will advance our understanding of the functions, interactions, and changes in the Arctic system and benefit national and international programs, such as the NSF/ARCSS, HARC, WCRP/GEWEX, and CLIC.