Tropical-extratropical Interactions in a Hierarchy of Atmospheric Models

将建立一个理想的大尺度大气模型的层次结构。模型范围从准地转β平面模型到球上的干燥原始方程模型，再到球上的理想潮湿原始方程模型，都具有纬向对称气候。这些模式将用于研究与气候变化研究以及天气和气候预报模式发展有关的一般环流理论中的一些问题。所研究的动力学问题可分为两类：1)中纬度急流位置对哈德利单体强度、地面摩擦强度、平流层极涡、对流层顶高度和大气水汽量等因素的敏感性；2)热带环流特征（如Hadley环流单元）和热带辐合带（ITCZ）位置对高低纬度地球能量平衡扰动的敏感性。总体目标是帮助缩小理想的全循环理论与综合全循环模型实践的高端模型之间的差距。模型的层次结构将作为资源提供给社区。这种资源应该对大学社区的教育和研究，特别是对年轻研究人员和模型开发资源有限的研究人员有价值。

A hierarchy of idealized large-scale models of the atmosphere will be constructed. The models range from quasi-geostrophic beta-plane models, to dry primitive equation models on the sphere, to idealized moist primitive equation models on the sphere, all with zonally symmetric climates. These models will be used to study a number of problems in general circulation theory that are relevant to both climate change studies and to weather and climate forecast model development. The dynamical problems to be studied fall into two classes: 1) the sensitivity of the position of the mid-latitude jet streams to such factors as the strength of the Hadley cell, the strength of surface friction, the stratospheric polar vortex, the tropopause height, and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere; and 2) the sensitivity of the strength of tropical circulation features such as the Hadley cell and the position of the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to perturbations to the Earth's energy balance in both high and low latitudes. The overall goal is to help close the gap between idealized theories of the general circulation and the high-end modeling that is practiced with comprehensive general circulation models.The hierarchy of models will be made available as a resource to the community. This resource should be of value for education in the university community, as well as to research, particularly to young researchers and those with limited model development resources.